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• Thomas_Playford_IV abstract "Sir Thomas Playford, GCMG (5 July 1896 – 16 June 1981) was a South Australian politician. He served continuously as Premier of South Australia from 5 November 1938 to 10 March 1965, the longest term of any elected government leader in the history of Australia, and of the Realms of the Commonwealth. His tenure as premier was marked by a period of population and economic growth unmatched by any other Australian state. Playford took a unique, strong and direct approach to the premiership and personally oversaw his industrial initiatives. He was known for his parochial style in pushing South Australia's interests, and was known for his ability to secure a disproportionate share of federal funding for the state as well as his shameless haranguing of federal leaders. His string of election wins were assisted by a system of electoral malapportionment that bore his name, the 'Playmander'.Born into an old political family, Playford was the fifth Thomas Playford and the fourth to have lived in South Australia; his grandfather Thomas Playford II had served as premier in the 19th century. He grew up on the family farm in Norton Summit before enlisting in the Australian Imperial Force in World War I, fighting in Gallipoli and Western Europe. After serving, he continued farming until his election as a Liberal and Country League (LCL) representative for Murray at the 1933 state election. In his early years in politics, Playford was an outspoken backbencher who often lambasted LCL colleagues and ministers and their policies, and had a maverick strategy, often defying party norms and advocating unadulterated laissez faire economics and opposing protectionism and government investment, in stark contrast to his later actions as premier. With the resignation of the LCL's leader, Richard Layton Butler, Playford ascended to the premiership in 1938, having been made a minister just months earlier in an attempt to dampen his insubordination. Playford inherited a minority government and many independents to deal with, and instability was expected; Playford was seen as a transitional leader. However, Playford dealt with the independents adroitly and went on to secure a one-seat majority at the next election.In office, Playford turned his back on laissez faire economics and used his negotiating skills to encourage industry to relocate to South Australia during World War II, as the state was far from the battlefield. He built upon this in the post-war boom years, particular in automotive manufacturing; although a liberal conservative, his approach to economics was pragmatic, and he was derided by his colleagues for his "socialism" as he nationalised electricity companies and used state enterprises to drive economic growth. Generally, Playford had more dissent from within his own party than the opposition centre-left Australian Labor Party; the main obstructions to his initiatives came from the upper house, where the restriction of suffrage to landowners resulted in a chamber dominated by the conservative landed gentry. The Labor leader Mick O'Halloran worked cooperatively with Playford and was known to be happy being out of power, quipping that Playford could better serve his left-wing constituents. Playford's policies allowed for the supply of cheap electricity to factories, minimal business taxes, and he kept wages low to make the state more attractive to industrial investment. Playford kept salaries low by using the South Australian Housing Trust to building vast amounts of public housing and using government price controls to keep housing and other costs of living low to attract workers and migrants, angering the landlord class. Implemented in the 1940s, these policies were seen as dangerous to Playford's control of his party, but they proved successful and he cemented his position within the LCL.During the 1950s, Playford and the LCL's share of the vote declined continually despite the economic growth, and they clung to power mainly due to the Playmander. Playford became less assured in parliament as Labor became more aggressive, their leading debater Don Dunstan combatively disrupting the previously collaborative style of politics, targeting the injustice of the Playmander in particular. Playford's successful economic policies had fuelled a rapid expansion of the middle-class, and they wanted more government attention to education, public healthcare, the arts, the environment and heritage protection. However, Playford was an unrelenting utilitarianist, and was unmoved by calls to broaden policy focus beyond economic development. This was exacerbated by Playford and his party's failure to adapt to changing social mores, remaining adamantly committed to restrictive laws on alcohol, gambling and police powers. A turning point in Playford's tenure was the Max Stuart case in the 1950s, when he came under heavy scrutiny for his hesitation to grant clemency to a murderer on death row amid claims of judicial wrongdoing. Although Playford eventually commuted the sentence under heavy criticism of the judicial review process, the controversy was seen as responsible for his government losing its assurance, and he eventually lost office in the 1965 election. He relinquished the LCL leadership to Steele Hall and retired at the next election, serving on various South Australian company boards until his death in 1981.".
• Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsEndDate "1965-03-10".
• Thomas_Playford_IV activeYearsStartDate "1938-11-05".
• Thomas_Playford_IV birthDate "1896-07-05".
• Thomas_Playford_IV birthPlace Norton_Summit,_South_Australia.
• Thomas_Playford_IV birthPlace South_Australia.
• Thomas_Playford_IV birthYear "1896".
• Thomas_Playford_IV deathDate "1981-06-16".
• Thomas_Playford_IV deathPlace Adelaide.
• Thomas_Playford_IV deathPlace South_Australia.
• Thomas_Playford_IV deathYear "1981".
• Thomas_Playford_IV orderInOffice "33rd Premier of South Australia".
• Thomas_Playford_IV orderInOffice "Elections: 1941—1965".
• Thomas_Playford_IV party Liberal_and_Country_League.
• Thomas_Playford_IV profession Farmer.
• Thomas_Playford_IV region Electoral_district_of_Gumeracha.
• Thomas_Playford_IV religion Baptists.
• Thomas_Playford_IV successor Frank_Walsh.
• Thomas_Playford_IV thumbnail Playford_portrait_38.jpg?width=300.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink elections.uwa.edu.au.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink pastelec.htm.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink A110251b.htm.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink showPerson?pid=242437.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink www.playfordtrust.com.au.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink playford's.htm.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink playford1.htm.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageExternalLink playford2.htm.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageID "8096037".
• Thomas_Playford_IV wikiPageRevisionID "606782507".
• Thomas_Playford_IV birthDate "1896-07-05".
• Thomas_Playford_IV birthPlace "Norton Summit, South Australia, Australia".
• Thomas_Playford_IV constituency Electoral_district_of_Gumeracha.
• Thomas_Playford_IV dateOfBirth "1896-07-05".
• Thomas_Playford_IV dateOfDeath "1981-06-16".
• Thomas_Playford_IV deathDate "1981-06-16".
• Thomas_Playford_IV deathPlace "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia".
• Thomas_Playford_IV hasPhotoCollection Thomas_Playford_IV.
• Thomas_Playford_IV name "Playford, Thomas 4".
• Thomas_Playford_IV name "Sir Tom Playford".
• Thomas_Playford_IV nationality "Australian".
• Thomas_Playford_IV order "33".
• Thomas_Playford_IV order "Elections: 1941—1965".
• Thomas_Playford_IV party Liberal_and_Country_League.
• Thomas_Playford_IV placeOfBirth "Norton Summit, South Australia, Australia".
• Thomas_Playford_IV placeOfDeath "Adelaide, South Australia, Australia".
• Thomas_Playford_IV predecessor Richard_Layton_Butler.
• Thomas_Playford_IV profession Farmer.
• Thomas_Playford_IV religion Baptists.
• Thomas_Playford_IV shortDescription "Australian politician".
• Thomas_Playford_IV spouse "Lorna Playford".
• Thomas_Playford_IV successor Frank_Walsh.
• Thomas_Playford_IV termEnd "1965-03-10".
• Thomas_Playford_IV termStart "1938-11-05".
• Thomas_Playford_IV title Premier_of_South_Australia.
• Thomas_Playford_IV title "Leader of the Liberal and Country League".
• Thomas_Playford_IV wordnet_type synset-incumbent-noun-1.
• Thomas_Playford_IV wordnet_type synset-president-noun-3.
• Thomas_Playford_IV years "1938".
• Thomas_Playford_IV description "Australian politician".
• Thomas_Playford_IV description "Australian politician".
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:1896_births.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:1981_deaths.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Australian_Army_officers.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Australian_knights.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Australian_military_personnel_of_World_War_I.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Deaths_from_myocardial_infarction.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Jubilee_150_Walkway.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Knights_Grand_Cross_of_the_Order_of_St_Michael_and_St_George.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Leaders_of_the_Opposition_in_South_Australia.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Liberal_and_Country_League_politicians.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Members_of_the_South_Australian_House_of_Assembly.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Premiers_of_South_Australia.
• Thomas_Playford_IV subject Category:Treasurers_of_South_Australia.
• Thomas_Playford_IV type Aristocrat109807754.
• Thomas_Playford_IV type ArmyOfficer109809749.
• Thomas_Playford_IV type AustralianArmyOfficers.
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• Thomas_Playford_IV type LeadersOfTheOppositionInSouthAustralia.
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• Thomas_Playford_IV type PremiersOfSouthAustralia.
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• Thomas_Playford_IV type Treasurer110727256.
• Thomas_Playford_IV type TreasurersOfSouthAustralia.

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