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- Thorium abstract "Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius and named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.Thorium produces a radioactive gas, radon-220, as one of its decay products. Secondary decay products of thorium include radium and actinium. In nature, virtually all thorium is found as thorium-232, which undergoes alpha decay with a half-life of about 14.05 billion years. Other isotopes of thorium are short-lived intermediates in the decay chains of higher elements, and only found in trace amounts. Thorium is estimated to be about three to four times more abundant than uranium in the Earth's crust, and is chiefly refined from monazite sands as a by-product of extracting rare earth metals.Thorium was once commonly used as the light source in gas mantles and as an alloying material, but these applications have declined due to concerns about its radioactivity. Thorium is also used as an alloying element in nonconsumable TIG welding electrodes. It remains popular as a material in high-end optics and scientific instrumentation; thorium and uranium are the only radioactive elements with major commercial applications that do not rely on their radioactivity.Canada, China, Germany, India, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States have experimented with using thorium as a substitute nuclear fuel in nuclear reactors. When compared to uranium, there is a growing interest in thorium-based nuclear power due to its greater safety benefits, absence of non-fertile isotopes and its higher occurrence and availability. India's three stage nuclear power programme is possibly the most well known and well funded of such efforts.".
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink energyfromthorium.com.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink 1336.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink tfacts147.html.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink decaybasinnatural.htm.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink india-thorium-nuclear-plant.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink www.ithec.org.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink www.itheo.org.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink 090.htm.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink kirk_sorensen_thorium_an_alternative_nuclear_fuel.html.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink China-blazes-trail-for-clean-nuclear-power-from-thorium.html.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink index.php.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink inf62.html.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=Nl5DiTPw3dk.
- Thorium wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=P9M__yYbsZ4.
- Thorium wikiPageID "30044".
- Thorium wikiPageRevisionID "606525349".
- Thorium hasPhotoCollection Thorium.
- Thorium quote ""Thorium is like wet wood […it] needs to be turned into fissile uranium just as wet wood needs to be dried in a furnace."".
- Thorium source "— Ratan Kumar Sinha, current Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission of India.".
- Thorium width "220".
- Thorium subject Category:Actinides.
- Thorium subject Category:Carcinogens.
- Thorium subject Category:Chemical_elements.
- Thorium subject Category:Nuclear_fuels.
- Thorium subject Category:Nuclear_materials.
- Thorium subject Category:Thorium.
- Thorium comment "Thorium is a naturally occurring radioactive chemical element with the symbol Th and atomic number 90. It was discovered in 1828 by the Norwegian mineralogist Morten Thrane Esmark and identified by the Swedish chemist Jöns Jakob Berzelius and named after Thor, the Norse god of thunder.Thorium produces a radioactive gas, radon-220, as one of its decay products. Secondary decay products of thorium include radium and actinium.".
- Thorium label "Thorium".
- Thorium label "Thorium".
- Thorium label "Thorium".
- Thorium label "Thorium".
- Thorium label "Tor (pierwiastek)".
- Thorium label "Torio".
- Thorium label "Torio".
- Thorium label "Tório".
- Thorium label "Торий".
- Thorium label "ثوريوم".
- Thorium label "トリウム".
- Thorium label "钍".
- Thorium sameAs Thorium.
- Thorium sameAs Thorium.
- Thorium sameAs Θόριο.
- Thorium sameAs Torio.
- Thorium sameAs Torio.
- Thorium sameAs Thorium.
- Thorium sameAs Torium.
- Thorium sameAs Torio.
- Thorium sameAs トリウム.
- Thorium sameAs 토륨.
- Thorium sameAs Thorium.
- Thorium sameAs Tor_(pierwiastek).
- Thorium sameAs Tório.
- Thorium sameAs m.025sk62.
- Thorium sameAs Q1115.
- Thorium sameAs Q1115.
- Thorium wasDerivedFrom Thorium?oldid=606525349.
- Thorium isPrimaryTopicOf Thorium.