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- Tongva_people abstract "The Tongva (/ˈtɒŋvə/ TONG-və) are a Native American people who inhabited the Los Angeles Basin and the Southern Channel Islands, an area covering approximately 4,000 square miles (10,000 km2). The Tongva are also known as the Gabrieleño, Fernandeño, and Nicoleño—Europeanized names that were assigned to the Tongva after Spanish colonization. Gabrieleño and Fernandeño are derived from the names of Spanish missions built on or near the tribes' territory—Mission San Gabriel Arcángel and Mission San Fernando Rey de España, respectively—while Nicoleño is derived from San Nicolas Island. Along with the neighboring Chumash, the Tongva were the most powerful indigenous people to inhabit Southern California. At the time of European contact, they may have numbered 5,000 to 10,000.Many lines of evidence suggest that the Tongva are descended of Shoshoni-speaking peoples from Nevada who moved southwest into coastal Southern California 3,500 years ago. These migrants either absorbed or pushed out the Hokan-speaking peoples in the region. By AD 500 the Tongva had come to occupy all the lands now associated with them. A hunter-gatherer society, the Tongva traded widely with neighboring peoples. Over time scattered communities came to speak distinct dialects of the Tongva language, part of the Takic subgroup of the Uto-Aztecan language family. There may have been five or more such dialects (three on the Channel Islands and at least two on the mainland). The Tongva language become extinct in the twentieth century, but a reconstructed form continues to be spoken today. Initial Spanish exploration of the Los Angeles area occurred in 1542, but sustained contact with the Tongva came only after Mission San Gabriel Arcángel was constructed in 1771. This marked the beginning of an era of forced relocation and exposure to Old World diseases, leading to the rapid collapse of the Tongva population. At times the Tongva violently resisted Spanish rule, such as the 1785 rebellion led by the female chief Toypurina. In 1821, Mexico gained its independence from Spain and the government sold mission lands to ranchers, forcing the Tongva to culturally assimilate. Three decades later California was ceded to the United States and the government signed treaties with the Tongva promising 8.5 million acres (34,000 km2) of land for reservations, but these treaties were never ratified. By the turn of the century the Island Tongva had disappeared and the mainland communities were also nearing extinction. The endonym Tongva was recorded by American ethnographer C. Hart Merriam in 1903 and has been widely adopted by scholars and descendants, although some prefer the endonym Kizh. Since 2006, there have been four organizations claiming to represent the Tongva Nation: the Gabrielino-Tongva Tribe, known as the "hyphen" group from the hyphen in their name; the Gabrielino/Tongva Tribe, known as the "slash" group; the Gabrieleño Band of Mission Indians; and the Gabrieleño/Tongva Tribal Council. Two of the groups are the result of a hostile split over the question of building an Indian casino. In 1994, the State of California recognized the Tongva "as the aboriginal tribe of the Los Angeles Basin," but no group representing the Tongva has attained recognition by the Federal government. In 2008, more than 1,700 people called themselves Tongva or claimed partial ancestry.".
- Tongva_people language English_language.
- Tongva_people language Spanish_language.
- Tongva_people language Tongva_language.
- Tongva_people populationPlace California.
- Tongva_people thumbnail Tongva_woman.jpg?width=300.
- Tongva_people totalPopulation "1700".
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink avim.parks.ca.gov.
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink Tongva.html.
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink calbk:@field(DOCID+@lit(calbk007)):@@@$REF$.
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink tongva.asp.
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink www.gabrielinotribe.org.
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink gabrieleno-tongva-mission-indians.html.
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink sspshp%20ethnohistory.pdf.
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink www.tongva.com.
- Tongva_people wikiPageExternalLink www.tongvatribe.net.
- Tongva_people wikiPageID "101142".
- Tongva_people wikiPageRevisionID "602321991".
- Tongva_people caption "Mrs. James Rosemeyre , photographed here in 1905, was one of the last fluent Tongva speakers. An informant for the ethnographer C. Hart Merriam, she was the source of the widely used endonym Tongva.".
- Tongva_people group "Tongva".
- Tongva_people hasPhotoCollection Tongva_people.
- Tongva_people languages English_language.
- Tongva_people languages Spanish_language.
- Tongva_people languages Tongva_language.
- Tongva_people popplace "United States".
- Tongva_people population "Approximately 1,700".
- Tongva_people religions "Traditional tribal religion, Christianity".
- Tongva_people subject Category:California_Mission_Indians.
- Tongva_people subject Category:History_of_Los_Angeles,_California.
- Tongva_people subject Category:History_of_Los_Angeles_County,_California.
- Tongva_people subject Category:History_of_Orange_County,_California.
- Tongva_people subject Category:Native_American_tribes_in_California.
- Tongva_people subject Category:Non-recognized_Native_American_tribes.
- Tongva_people subject Category:San_Gabriel,_California.
- Tongva_people subject Category:Tongva.
- Tongva_people type Abstraction100002137.
- Tongva_people type Group100031264.
- Tongva_people type NativeAmericanTribesInCalifornia.
- Tongva_people type Non-recognizedNativeAmericanTribes.
- Tongva_people type SocialGroup107950920.
- Tongva_people type Tribe108372411.
- Tongva_people type EthnicGroup.
- Tongva_people type Collective.
- Tongva_people comment "The Tongva (/ˈtɒŋvə/ TONG-və) are a Native American people who inhabited the Los Angeles Basin and the Southern Channel Islands, an area covering approximately 4,000 square miles (10,000 km2). The Tongva are also known as the Gabrieleño, Fernandeño, and Nicoleño—Europeanized names that were assigned to the Tongva after Spanish colonization.".
- Tongva_people label "Tongva (volk)".
- Tongva_people label "Tongva people".
- Tongva_people label "Tongva".
- Tongva_people label "Tongva".
- Tongva_people label "Tongva".
- Tongva_people label "Tongva".
- Tongva_people label "Tongvas".
- Tongva_people label "Тонгва".
- Tongva_people label "تونغفا".
- Tongva_people sameAs Tongva.
- Tongva_people sameAs Tongva.
- Tongva_people sameAs Tongva.
- Tongva_people sameAs Tongvas.
- Tongva_people sameAs Tongva.
- Tongva_people sameAs Tongva_(volk).
- Tongva_people sameAs Tongva.
- Tongva_people sameAs m.026bv71.
- Tongva_people sameAs Q1479279.
- Tongva_people sameAs Q1479279.
- Tongva_people sameAs Tongva_people.
- Tongva_people wasDerivedFrom Tongva_people?oldid=602321991.
- Tongva_people depiction Tongva_woman.jpg.
- Tongva_people isPrimaryTopicOf Tongva_people.
- Tongva_people name "Tongva".