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- Trương_Định abstract "Trương Định (1820 – August 19, 1864), sometimes known as Trương Công Định, was a mandarin in the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam under Emperor Tự Đức. He is best known for leading a guerrilla army in southern Vietnam against the French invasion in defiance of the emperor. He refused to recognise the 1862 Treaty of Saigon that ceded Vietnamese territory to France.The son of a military mandarin from central Vietnam, Định moved south when his father was posted to Gia Định as the provincial commander. Định grew up to lead a military colony, overseeing the settlement and economic development of his constituency. He gained a reputation for being an able leader and land developer who cared for his people. When France began its invasion of southern Vietnam in 1859, Định organised local militia to reinforce the imperial army. As the regular army units suffered defeats on the battlefield, its remnants joined Định's partisans, and by 1861, he had around 6,000 men under his command. Định built his own resistance base and organised guerrilla attacks against the French. His success led Tự Đức to grant Định command of the southern partisans and to order the regular commanders to coordinate their plans with him. Định's forces quickly gained the respect of the French. They focused on disrupting the French bureaucracy and military posts in addition to the transportation of rice. Their most notable attack was the sinking of L'Espérance in December 1861.Amid growing military setbacks, Vietnam signed the Treaty of Saigon in June 1862, losing three southern provinces which became the French colony of Cochinchina. Tự Đức hoped that by abiding by the treaty, Vietnam could eventually negotiate the future return of the territory. He ordered the partisans to disband, but Định refused to recognise the treaty and disobeyed the monarch, fighting on in defense of his homeland. With the loss of imperial support, Định's forces began to struggle against the superior resources of the French. His men were gradually worn down and, following an ambush, Định committed suicide to avoid being captured.Vietnamese and French historians have fiercely debated Định's choice to disregard the treaty. The effectiveness of Định's insurgency led French officials to claim that Tự Đức was secretly assisting him, thereby violating the treaty, a pretext the French used to seize three more provinces in 1867. Vietnamese records dispute this, contending that Tự Đức attempted to ensure Định's compliance with the treaty. Định's defiance of the emperor has led historians to debate whether his actions were motivated by a rejection of the monarch's authority or whether he disobeyed in an attempt to help Tự Đức. Định remains widely respected among Vietnamese of all political persuasions. During the Vietnam War, communist historians sought to portray the Việt Cộng as Định's modern successor.".
- Trương_Định birthDate "1820".
- Trương_Định birthPlace B%C3%ACnh_S%C6%A1n_District.
- Trương_Định birthPlace Quảng_Ngãi_Province.
- Trương_Định birthPlace Vietnam.
- Trương_Định deathDate "1864-08-19".
- Trương_Định deathPlace Bi%C3%AAn_H%C3%B2a.
- Trương_Định deathPlace Vietnam.
- Trương_Định thumbnail Truong_Dinh.JPG?width=300.
- Trương_Định wikiPageID "13530776".
- Trương_Định wikiPageRevisionID "597382997".
- Trương_Định align "center".
- Trương_Định birthDate "1820".
- Trương_Định birthPlace "Bình Sơn, Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam".
- Trương_Định caption "Trương Định, 19th century Vietnamese anti-colonial military commander".
- Trương_Định dateOfBirth "1820".
- Trương_Định dateOfDeath "1864-08-19".
- Trương_Định deathDate "--08-19".
- Trương_Định deathPlace "Biên Hòa, Vietnam".
- Trương_Định footnotes "Refused an appointment to a mandarin post in An Giang".
- Trương_Định name "Trương Định".
- Trương_Định name "Định, Trương".
- Trương_Định name Wikt:定.
- Trương_Định name Wikt:張.
- Trương_Định organization Nguyễn_Dynasty.
- Trương_Định otherNames "Trương Công Định".
- Trương_Định placeOfBirth "Binh Son, Quảng Ngãi Province, Vietnam".
- Trương_Định placeOfDeath "Bien Hoa, Vietnam".
- Trương_Định quote "And we who have our feet on the ground, our head under the sky should we harm our people and country!".
- Trương_Định quote "But they are grateful to their masters;".
- Trương_Định quote "But they are kind to their masters.".
- Trương_Định quote "Look at the animals,".
- Trương_Định quote "The chickens and the dogs only know how to crow and bark,".
- Trương_Định quote "The water buffaloes and the horses are deaf and dumb,".
- Trương_Định quote "To all those who can see and hear!".
- Trương_Định religion Confucianism.
- Trương_Định shortDescription "Anti-colonial military commander".
- Trương_Định source "Truong Dinh, Hịch Trương Định".
- Trương_Định width "50.0".
- Trương_Định description "Anti-colonial military commander".
- Trương_Định subject Category:1820_births.
- Trương_Định subject Category:1864_deaths.
- Trương_Định subject Category:Nguyen_dynasty_officials.
- Trương_Định subject Category:People_of_the_Cochinchina_Campaign.
- Trương_Định subject Category:Vietnamese_Confucianists.
- Trương_Định subject Category:Vietnamese_revolutionaries.
- Trương_Định type Agent.
- Trương_Định type Person.
- Trương_Định type Person.
- Trương_Định type Q215627.
- Trương_Định type Q5.
- Trương_Định type Agent.
- Trương_Định type NaturalPerson.
- Trương_Định type Thing.
- Trương_Định type Person.
- Trương_Định comment "Trương Định (1820 – August 19, 1864), sometimes known as Trương Công Định, was a mandarin in the Nguyễn Dynasty of Vietnam under Emperor Tự Đức. He is best known for leading a guerrilla army in southern Vietnam against the French invasion in defiance of the emperor. He refused to recognise the 1862 Treaty of Saigon that ceded Vietnamese territory to France.The son of a military mandarin from central Vietnam, Định moved south when his father was posted to Gia Định as the provincial commander.".
- Trương_Định label "Trương Định".
- Trương_Định label "張定".
- Trương_Định label "張定".
- Trương_Định sameAs Tr%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_%C4%90%E1%BB%8Bnh.
- Trương_Định sameAs 張定.
- Trương_Định sameAs Q250947.
- Trương_Định sameAs Q250947.
- Trương_Định wasDerivedFrom Trương_Định?oldid=597382997.
- Trương_Định depiction Truong_Dinh.JPG.
- Trương_Định givenName "Trương".
- Trương_Định name "Trương Định".
- Trương_Định surname "Định".