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- Trial_and_error abstract "Trial and error is a fundamental method of solving problems. It is characterised by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success, or until the agent stops trying. It is an unsystematic method which does not employ insight, theory or organised methodology.According to W.H. Thorpe, the term was devised by C. Lloyd Morgan after trying out similar phrases "trial and failure" and "trial and practice". Under Morgan's canon, animal behaviour should be explained in the simplest possible way. Where behaviour seems to imply higher mental processes, it might be explained by trial and error learning. An example is the skillful way in which his terrier Tony opened the garden gate, easily misunderstood as an insightful act by someone seeing the final behaviour. Lloyd Morgan, however, had watched and recorded the series of approximations by which the dog had gradually learned the response, and could demonstrate that no insight was required to explain it.Edward Thorndike showed how to manage a trial and error experiment in the laboratory. In his famous experiment, a cat was placed in a series of puzzle boxes in order to study the law of effect in learning. He plotted learning curves which recorded the timing for each trial. Thorndike's key observation was that learning was promoted by positive results, which was later refined and extended by B.F. Skinner's operant conditioning.Trial and error is also a heuristic method of problem solving, repair, tuning, or obtaining knowledge. In the field of computer science, the method is called generate and test. In elementary algebra, when solving equations, it is "guess and check".This approach can be seen as one of the two basic approaches to problem solving, contrasted with an approach using insight and theory. However, there are intermediate methods which for example, use theory to guide the method, an approach known as guided empiricism.".
- Trial_and_error thumbnail Computer_graph_created_by_trial_and_error.jpg?width=300.
- Trial_and_error wikiPageExternalLink 729.
- Trial_and_error wikiPageExternalLink FrSM02.pdf.
- Trial_and_error wikiPageExternalLink OSM02.pdf.
- Trial_and_error wikiPageID "245733".
- Trial_and_error wikiPageRevisionID "606594936".
- Trial_and_error hasPhotoCollection Trial_and_error.
- Trial_and_error subject Category:Error.
- Trial_and_error subject Category:Heuristics.
- Trial_and_error subject Category:Learning_methods.
- Trial_and_error subject Category:Philosophy_of_science.
- Trial_and_error subject Category:Problem_solving.
- Trial_and_error comment "Trial and error is a fundamental method of solving problems. It is characterised by repeated, varied attempts which are continued until success, or until the agent stops trying. It is an unsystematic method which does not employ insight, theory or organised methodology.According to W.H. Thorpe, the term was devised by C. Lloyd Morgan after trying out similar phrases "trial and failure" and "trial and practice".".
- Trial_and_error label "Ensayo y error".
- Trial_and_error label "Metoda prób i błędów".
- Trial_and_error label "Trial and error".
- Trial_and_error label "Trial-and-error".
- Trial_and_error label "Versuch und Irrtum".
- Trial_and_error label "Метод проб и ошибок".
- Trial_and_error label "التجربة والخطأ".
- Trial_and_error label "試行錯誤".
- Trial_and_error label "试错".
- Trial_and_error sameAs Versuch_und_Irrtum.
- Trial_and_error sameAs Ensayo_y_error.
- Trial_and_error sameAs Coba-Dan-Salah.
- Trial_and_error sameAs 試行錯誤.
- Trial_and_error sameAs 시행착오.
- Trial_and_error sameAs Trial-and-error.
- Trial_and_error sameAs Metoda_prób_i_błędów.
- Trial_and_error sameAs m.01kkn0.
- Trial_and_error sameAs Q2219080.
- Trial_and_error sameAs Q2219080.
- Trial_and_error wasDerivedFrom Trial_and_error?oldid=606594936.
- Trial_and_error depiction Computer_graph_created_by_trial_and_error.jpg.
- Trial_and_error isPrimaryTopicOf Trial_and_error.