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- Trichuris_muris abstract "Trichuris muris is a nematode parasite of mice. It is very similar to the human roundworm parasite Trichuris trichiura due to its immunological reactivity when crossed, and so is often used in related studies. Ingesting material that contains embryonated eggs allows for transmission and infection to occur. The eggs travel down to the cecum - a pouch located at the start of the large intestine - where larval hatching is induced. The larvae proceed to penetrate through the mucosal epithelium, then molt into their secondary stage of infection after 9–11 days. Seventeen days after infection, the larvae arrive at the tertiary stage followed by a quaternary molt 5 days later. The larvae complete their last molt 29 days post-infection and transform into mature dioecious adults. These whipworms utilize their anterior ends to embed themselves into the cells that line the walls of the large intestine. After establishing their place in the intestinal wall, the adult worms mate and release unembryonated eggs into the environment via the feces.According to research conducted by Hayes et al., T. muris relies on direct contact with intestinal bacteria in order to promote hatching of the embryonated eggs. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) and E. coli strains, the authors were able to observe that the bacteria gathered specifically around the opercula, which are located at the poles of the eggs. The bacteria contain type 1 fimbriae, which possess adhesin FimH at their fimbrial tips. FimH interacts with a mannosylated receptor found on the egg's surface. When bound, a signal transduction cascade is triggered and results in the worm emerging from the egg. Temperature, in particular at 37°C, served as an additional hatching cue - this specific temperature is thought to prevent T. muris eggs from hatching in unideal outside environments.The relationship between T. muris and bacteria also has a significant effect on the host's immune response. In the article Exploitation of the Intestinal Microflora by the Parasitic Nematode Trichuris muris, authors K.S. Hayes et al., treated AKR and SCID (severe combined immunodeficient) mice with enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinoline antibiotic, in order to observe potential effects on worm establishment. The activation of type 2 helper cells (Th2) is decreased in the presence of antibiotics because there are fewer whipworms binding to the intestinal walls. This in turn drives up the proliferation and differentiation of Th17 and Th1 cells. Eighteen days after infection, the worm burden in antibiotically-treated mice was drastically reduced (P<0.001), further supporting the notion that bacteria are essential to the worms' establishment.".
- Trichuris_muris class Adenophorea.
- Trichuris_muris class Enoplia.
- Trichuris_muris family Trichuridae.
- Trichuris_muris genus Trichuris.
- Trichuris_muris kingdom Animal.
- Trichuris_muris order Trichocephalida.
- Trichuris_muris phylum Nematode.
- Trichuris_muris wikiPageID "2210602".
- Trichuris_muris wikiPageRevisionID "604717521".
- Trichuris_muris classis Adenophorea.
- Trichuris_muris date "December 2009".
- Trichuris_muris familia Trichuridae.
- Trichuris_muris genus Trichuris.
- Trichuris_muris hasPhotoCollection Trichuris_muris.
- Trichuris_muris ordo Trichocephalida.
- Trichuris_muris phylum Nematode.
- Trichuris_muris regnum "Animalia".
- Trichuris_muris species "Trichuris muris".
- Trichuris_muris subclassis Enoplia.
- Trichuris_muris type "animal".
- Trichuris_muris subject Category:Enoplia.
- Trichuris_muris subject Category:Parasites_of_rodents.
- Trichuris_muris subject Category:Parasitic_nematodes.
- Trichuris_muris type Animal100015388.
- Trichuris_muris type Invertebrate101905661.
- Trichuris_muris type LivingThing100004258.
- Trichuris_muris type Nematode101930112.
- Trichuris_muris type Nematodes.
- Trichuris_muris type Object100002684.
- Trichuris_muris type Organism100004475.
- Trichuris_muris type Parasite101384687.
- Trichuris_muris type Parasites.
- Trichuris_muris type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Trichuris_muris type Whole100003553.
- Trichuris_muris type Worm101922303.
- Trichuris_muris type Animal.
- Trichuris_muris type Eukaryote.
- Trichuris_muris type Species.
- Trichuris_muris type Organism.
- Trichuris_muris comment "Trichuris muris is a nematode parasite of mice. It is very similar to the human roundworm parasite Trichuris trichiura due to its immunological reactivity when crossed, and so is often used in related studies. Ingesting material that contains embryonated eggs allows for transmission and infection to occur. The eggs travel down to the cecum - a pouch located at the start of the large intestine - where larval hatching is induced.".
- Trichuris_muris label "Trichuris muris".
- Trichuris_muris sameAs m.06w56b.
- Trichuris_muris sameAs Q7841097.
- Trichuris_muris sameAs Q7841097.
- Trichuris_muris sameAs Trichuris_muris.
- Trichuris_muris wasDerivedFrom Trichuris_muris?oldid=604717521.
- Trichuris_muris isPrimaryTopicOf Trichuris_muris.