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- Tyrian_purple abstract "Tyrian purple (Greek, πορφύρα, porphyra, Latin: purpura), also known as Tyrian red, royal purple, imperial purple or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye, which is a secretion produced by a certain species of predatory sea snails in the family Muricidae, a type of rock snail by the name Murex. This dye was possibly first used by the ancient Phoenicians as early as 1570 BC[citation needed]. The dye was greatly prized in antiquity because the colour did not easily fade, but instead became brighter with weathering and sunlight.Tyrian purple was expensive: the 4th-century-BC historian Theopompus reported, "Purple for dyes fetched its weight in silver at Colophon" in Asia Minor. The expense meant that purple-dyed textiles became status symbols, and early sumptuary laws restricted their uses. The production of Tyrian purple was tightly controlled in Byzantium and was subsidized by the imperial court, which restricted its use for the colouring of imperial silks, so that a child born to a reigning emperor was porphyrogenitos, "born in the purple", although this term may also refer to the fact that the imperial birthing apartment was walled in the purple-red rock known as porphyry.The dye substance comprises a mucous secretion from the hypobranchial gland of one of several medium-sized predatory sea snails that are found in the eastern Mediterranean. These are the marine gastropods Bolinus brandaris the spiny dyemurex, (originally known as Murex brandaris (Linnaeus, 1758)), the banded dye-murex Hexaplex trunculus, and the rock-shell Stramonita haemastoma. The dye is an organic compound of bromine (i.e., an organobromine compound), a class of compounds often found in algae and some other sea life, but much more rarely in the biology of land animals.In Biblical Hebrew, the dye extracted from the Bolinus brandaris is known as argaman (ארגמן). Another dye extracted from a related sea snail, Hexaplex trunculus, produced a blue colour called tekhelet (תְּכֵלֶת), used in garments worn for ritual purposes.Many other species worldwide within the family Muricidae, for example Plicopurpura pansa (Gould, 1853), from the tropical eastern Pacific, and Plicopurpura patula (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Caribbean zone of the western Atlantic, can also produce a similar substance (which turns into an enduring purple dye when exposed to sunlight) and this ability has sometimes also been historically exploited by local inhabitants in the areas where these snails occur. (Some other predatory gastropods, such as some wentletraps in the family Epitoniidae, seem to also produce a similar substance, although this has not been studied or exploited commercially.) The dog whelk Nucella lapillus, from the North Atlantic, can also be used to produce red-purple and violet dyes.In nature the snails use the secretion as part of their predatory behaviour and as an antimicrobial lining on egg masses. The snail also secretes this substance when it is attacked by predators, or physically antagonized by humans (i.e., poked). Therefore the dye can be collected either by "milking" the snails, which is more labour-intensive but is a renewable resource, or by collecting and then crushing the snails completely, which is destructive. David Jacoby remarks that "twelve thousand snails of Murex brandaris yield no more than 1.4 g of pure dye, enough to colour only the trim of a single garment."Recent research in organic electronics has shown that Tyrian purple is an ambipolar organic semiconductor. Transistors and circuits based on this material can be produced from sublimed thin-films of the dye. The good semiconducting properties of the dye originate from strong intermolecular hydrogen bonding that reinforces pi stacking necessary for transport.".
- Tyrian_purple cmykCoordinateBlack "42".
- Tyrian_purple cmykCoordinateCyanic "45".
- Tyrian_purple cmykCoordinateMagenta "100".
- Tyrian_purple cmykCoordinateYellow "47".
- Tyrian_purple colourHexCode "66023C".
- Tyrian_purple hsvCoordinateHue "325".
- Tyrian_purple hsvCoordinateSaturation "98".
- Tyrian_purple hsvCoordinateValue "40".
- Tyrian_purple rgbCoordinateBlue "60".
- Tyrian_purple rgbCoordinateGreen "2".
- Tyrian_purple rgbCoordinateRed "102".
- Tyrian_purple thumbnail Haustellum_brandaris_000.jpg?width=300.
- Tyrian_purple wikiPageExternalLink Jenson-RoyalPurple-1963.pdf.
- Tyrian_purple wikiPageExternalLink cjcbiblio.html.
- Tyrian_purple wikiPageExternalLink colour_purple.html.
- Tyrian_purple wikiPageExternalLink Plicopurpura+pansa+(Gould,+1853)+from+the+Pacific+Coast+of+Mexico+and...-a0118543935.
- Tyrian_purple wikiPageID "150320".
- Tyrian_purple wikiPageRevisionID "604056244".
- Tyrian_purple b "60".
- Tyrian_purple c "45".
- Tyrian_purple g "2".
- Tyrian_purple h "325".
- Tyrian_purple hasPhotoCollection Tyrian_purple.
- Tyrian_purple hex "66023C".
- Tyrian_purple k "42".
- Tyrian_purple m "100".
- Tyrian_purple r "102".
- Tyrian_purple s "98".
- Tyrian_purple source colour_purple.html.
- Tyrian_purple spelling "colour".
- Tyrian_purple textcolor "white".
- Tyrian_purple title "Tyrian Purple".
- Tyrian_purple v "40".
- Tyrian_purple y "47".
- Tyrian_purple subject Category:Animal_dyes.
- Tyrian_purple subject Category:Halogen-containing_natural_products.
- Tyrian_purple subject Category:Mollusc_products.
- Tyrian_purple subject Category:Organic_pigments.
- Tyrian_purple subject Category:Organobromides.
- Tyrian_purple subject Category:Shades_of_purple.
- Tyrian_purple type Artifact100021939.
- Tyrian_purple type Commodity103076708.
- Tyrian_purple type Halogen-containingNaturalProducts.
- Tyrian_purple type Merchandise103748886.
- Tyrian_purple type MolluscProducts.
- Tyrian_purple type Object100002684.
- Tyrian_purple type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Tyrian_purple type Whole100003553.
- Tyrian_purple type Colour.
- Tyrian_purple type Color.
- Tyrian_purple type Quality.
- Tyrian_purple comment "Tyrian purple (Greek, πορφύρα, porphyra, Latin: purpura), also known as Tyrian red, royal purple, imperial purple or imperial dye, is a reddish-purple natural dye, which is a secretion produced by a certain species of predatory sea snails in the family Muricidae, a type of rock snail by the name Murex. This dye was possibly first used by the ancient Phoenicians as early as 1570 BC[citation needed].".
- Tyrian_purple label "Dibromoindygo".
- Tyrian_purple label "Pourpre de Tyr".
- Tyrian_purple label "Purper (verfstof)".
- Tyrian_purple label "Purpur (Farbstoff)".
- Tyrian_purple label "Púrpura de Tiro".
- Tyrian_purple label "Púrpura tíria".
- Tyrian_purple label "Tyrian purple".
- Tyrian_purple label "Пурпур".
- Tyrian_purple label "أرجوان صور".
- Tyrian_purple label "貝紫色".
- Tyrian_purple label "骨螺紫".
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Purpur_(Farbstoff).
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Πορφύρα_(χρωστική).
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Púrpura_de_Tiro.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Pourpre_de_Tyr.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Ungu_Tyre.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs 貝紫色.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Purper_(verfstof).
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Dibromoindygo.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Púrpura_tíria.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs m.013c5t.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Q5180360.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Q5180360.
- Tyrian_purple sameAs Tyrian_purple.
- Tyrian_purple wasDerivedFrom Tyrian_purple?oldid=604056244.
- Tyrian_purple depiction Haustellum_brandaris_000.jpg.
- Tyrian_purple isPrimaryTopicOf Tyrian_purple.
- Tyrian_purple name "Tyrian Purple".