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- Vietnam_War abstract "The Vietnam War (Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and known by the Vietnamese as the American War, was a Cold War-era proxy war that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from December 1956 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam—supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies—and the government of South Vietnam—supported by the United States and other anti-communist allies. The Viet Cong (also known as the National Liberation Front, or NLF), a lightly armed South Vietnamese communist common front directed by the North, fought a guerrilla war against anti-communist forces in the region. The People's Army of Vietnam (a.k.a. the North Vietnamese Army) engaged in a more conventional war, at times committing large units into battle. As the war wore on, the part of the Viet Cong in the fighting decreased as the role of the NVA grew. U.S. and South Vietnamese forces relied on air superiority and overwhelming firepower to conduct search and destroy operations, involving ground forces, artillery, and airstrikes. In the course of the war, the U.S. conducted a large-scale strategic bombing campaign against North Vietnam, and over time the North Vietnamese airspace became the most heavily defended airspace of any in the world.The U.S. government viewed American involvement in the war as a way to prevent a Communist takeover of South Vietnam. This was part of a wider containment strategy, with the stated aim of stopping the spread of communism. According to the U.S. domino theory, if one state went Communist, other states in the region would follow, and U.S. policy thus held that accommodation to the spread of Communist rule across all of Vietnam was unacceptable. The North Vietnamese government and the Viet Cong were fighting to reunify Vietnam under communist rule. They viewed the conflict as a colonial war, fought initially against forces from France and then America, as France was backed by the U.S., and later against South Vietnam, which it regarded as a U.S. puppet state. Beginning in 1950, American military advisors arrived in what was then French Indochina. U.S. involvement escalated in the early 1960s, with troop levels tripling in 1961 and again in 1962. U.S. involvement escalated further following the 1964 Gulf of Tonkin incident, in which a U.S. destroyer clashed with North Vietnamese fast attack craft, which was followed by the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave the U.S. president authorization to increase U.S. military presence. Regular U.S. combat units were deployed beginning in 1965. Operations crossed international borders: bordering areas of Laos and Cambodia were heavily bombed by U.S. forces as American involvement in the war peaked in 1968, the same year that the Communist side launched the Tet Offensive. The Tet Offensive failed in its goal of overthrowing the South Vietnamese government but became the turning point in the war, as it showed that South Vietnam was unable to fend for itself against the North, despite many years of massive U.S. military aid. As the point of U.S. victory was indeterminate, U.S. ground forces were gradually withdrawn as part of a policy known as Vietnamization, which aimed to end American involvement in the war while transferring the task of fighting the Communists to the South Vietnamese themselves. Despite the Paris Peace Accord, which was signed by all parties in January 1973, the fighting continued.In the U.S. and the Western world, a large anti-Vietnam War movement developed. This movement was both part of a larger Counterculture of the 1960s and also fed into it.Direct U.S. military involvement ended on 15 August 1973 as a result of the Case–Church Amendment passed by the U.S. Congress. The capture of Saigon at the hands of the North Vietnamese Army in April 1975 marked the end of the war, and North and South Vietnam were reunified the following year. The war exacted a huge human cost in terms of fatalities (see Vietnam War casualties). Estimates of the number of Vietnamese service members and civilians killed vary from 800,000 to 3.1 million. Some 200,000–300,000 Cambodians, 20,000–200,000 Laotians, and 58,220 U.S. service members also died in the conflict.".
- Vietnam_War causalties "1,170,000 wounded".
- Vietnam_War causalties "195,000–430,000 civilian dead".
- Vietnam_War causalties "220,357–313,000 military dead".
- Vietnam_War causalties "351 dead;1,358 wounded".
- Vietnam_War causalties "37 dead; 187 wounded".
- Vietnam_War causalties "5,099 dead; 10,962 wounded; 4 missing".
- Vietnam_War causalties "500 dead; 3,129 wounded".
- Vietnam_War causalties "58,220 dead; 303,644 wounded".
- Vietnam_War causalties "9 dead".
- Vietnam_War causalties "Australia".
- Vietnam_War causalties "New Zealand".
- Vietnam_War causalties "Philippines".
- Vietnam_War causalties "South Korea".
- Vietnam_War causalties "South Vietnam".
- Vietnam_War causalties "Thailand".
- Vietnam_War causalties "Total dead: 480,538–807,564".
- Vietnam_War causalties "Total wounded: ~1,490,000+".
- Vietnam_War causalties "United States".
- Vietnam_War combatant "22px Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–70)".
- Vietnam_War combatant "22px Royal Government of National Union of Kampuchea".
- Vietnam_War combatant "22px United Front for the Liberation of Oppressed Races (Front Uni de Lutte des Races Opprimées, FULRO)".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Anti-communist forces:".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Bulgaria".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Communist forces:".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Khmer Republic".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Khmer Rouge".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Kingdom of Laos".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Pathet Lao".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Supported by:".
- Vietnam_War combatant "United States".
- Vietnam_War combatant "Viet Cong".
- Vietnam_War commander Cao_V%C4%83n_Vi%C3%AAn.
- Vietnam_War commander Chae_Myung-shin.
- Vietnam_War commander Chau_Dara.
- Vietnam_War commander Creighton_Abrams.
- Vietnam_War commander Harold_Holt.
- Vietnam_War commander Ho%C3%A0ng_V%C4%83n_Th%C3%A1i.
- Vietnam_War commander Ho_Chi_Minh.
- Vietnam_War commander John_F._Kennedy.
- Vietnam_War commander Keith_Holyoake.
- Vietnam_War commander L%C3%AA_Tr%E1%BB%8Dng_T%E1%BA%A5n.
- Vietnam_War commander Le_Duan.
- Vietnam_War commander Leaders_of_the_Vietnam_War.
- Vietnam_War commander Les_Kosem.
- Vietnam_War commander Lyndon_B._Johnson.
- Vietnam_War commander Ng%C3%B4_Quang_Tr%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Fng.
- Vietnam_War commander Ngo_Dinh_Diem.
- Vietnam_War commander Nguy%E1%BB%85n_Cao_K%E1%BB%B3.
- Vietnam_War commander Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_Thi%E1%BB%87u.
- Vietnam_War commander Nguyen_Huu_Tho.
- Vietnam_War commander Nguyen_Van_Linh.
- Vietnam_War commander Park_Chung-hee.
- Vietnam_War commander Ph%E1%BA%A1m_V%C4%83n_%C4%90%E1%BB%93ng.
- Vietnam_War commander Richard_Nixon.
- Vietnam_War commander Robert_McNamara.
- Vietnam_War commander Robert_Menzies.
- Vietnam_War commander Thanom_Kittikachorn.
- Vietnam_War commander Tr%E1%BA%A7n_V%C4%83n_Tr%C3%A0.
- Vietnam_War commander V%C4%83n_Ti%E1%BA%BFn_D%C5%A9ng.
- Vietnam_War commander Vo_Nguyen_Giap.
- Vietnam_War commander William_Westmoreland.
- Vietnam_War commander Y-Ghok_Ni%C3%AA_Krieng.
- Vietnam_War date "1975-04-30".
- Vietnam_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Cold_War.
- Vietnam_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Indochina_Wars.
- Vietnam_War place Cambodia.
- Vietnam_War place Laos.
- Vietnam_War place North_Vietnam.
- Vietnam_War place South_Vietnam.
- Vietnam_War result "* Communist governments take power in South Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos".
- Vietnam_War result "* South Vietnam is annexed by North Vietnam".
- Vietnam_War result "* Withdrawal of American-led anti communist forces".
- Vietnam_War result "Communist victory".
- Vietnam_War strength "1,500,000 (1974–5)".
- Vietnam_War strength "22px Liberation Front of Kampuchea Krom (Front de Liberation du Kampuchea Krom, FLKK)".
- Vietnam_War strength "22pxCentral Highlands Liberation Front (Front de Libération des Hauts Plateaux, FLHP)".
- Vietnam_War strength "22pxCham Liberation Front (Front de Libération du Champa, FLC)".
- Vietnam_War strength "Australia: 7,672".
- Vietnam_War strength "China: 170,000 (in 1965-69)".
- Vietnam_War strength "Free World Military Forces: 65,000".
- Vietnam_War strength "New Zealand: 552".
- Vietnam_War strength "North Korea: 300–600".
- Vietnam_War strength "North Vietnam: 287,465 (January 1968)".
- Vietnam_War strength "South Korea: 50,000".
- Vietnam_War strength "South Vietnam: 850,000 (1968)".
- Vietnam_War strength "Soviet Union: 3,000".
- Vietnam_War strength "Thailand, Philippines: 10,450".
- Vietnam_War strength "United States: 536,100 (1968)".
- Vietnam_War strength "~1,830,000 (1968)".
- Vietnam_War strength "~461,000".
- Vietnam_War territory Vietnam.
- Vietnam_War thumbnail VNWarMontage.png?width=300.
- Vietnam_War wikiPageExternalLink ?id=-Z4l-ZySVWwC.
- Vietnam_War wikiPageExternalLink buckley.html.
- Vietnam_War wikiPageExternalLink VHP&CISOPTR=5558&CISOBOX=1&REC=1.
- Vietnam_War wikiPageExternalLink content.php?pid=227219&sid=1880539.
- Vietnam_War wikiPageExternalLink displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=358806.
- Vietnam_War wikiPageExternalLink 552494.
- Vietnam_War wikiPageExternalLink 552505.