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- Vitamin_B12 abstract "Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis (especially odd chain fatty acids) and energy production. Neither fungi, plants, nor animals are capable of producing vitamin B12. Only bacteria and archaea have the enzymes required for its synthesis, although many foods are a natural source of B12 because of bacterial symbiosis. The vitamin is the largest and most structurally complicated vitamin and can be produced industrially only through bacterial fermentation-synthesis.Vitamin B12 consists of a class of chemically related compounds (vitamers), all of which have vitamin activity. It contains the biochemically rare element cobalt sitting in the center of planar tetra-pyrrole ring called as Corrin ring. Biosynthesis of the basic structure of the vitamin is accomplished only by bacteria (which usually produce hydroxocobalamin), but conversion between different forms of the vitamin can be accomplished in the human body. A common semi-synthetic form of the vitamin, cyanocobalamin, does not occur in nature, but is produced from bacterial hydroxocobalamin and then used in many pharmaceuticals and supplements, and as a food additive, because of its stability and lower production cost. In the body it is converted to the human physiological forms methylcobalamin and 5'-deoxyadenosylcobalamin, leaving behind the cyanide, albeit in minimal concentration. More recently, hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and adenosylcobalamin can be found in more expensive pharmacological products and food supplements. The extra utility of these is currently debated.Vitamin B12 was discovered from its relationship to disease pernicious anemia, which is an autoimmune disease in which parietal cells of the stomach responsible for secreting intrinsic factor are destroyed, the same cells responsible for secreting acid in the stomach. Intrinsic factor is crucial for the normal absorption of B12, so a lack of intrinsic factor, as seen in pernicious anemia, causes a vitamin B12 deficiency. Many other subtler kinds of vitamin B12 deficiency and their biochemical effects have since been elucidated.".
- Vitamin_B12 atcPrefix "B03".
- Vitamin_B12 atcSuffix "BA01".
- Vitamin_B12 casNumber "68-19-9".
- Vitamin_B12 drugbank "DB00115".
- Vitamin_B12 iupacName "α-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazolyl)cobamidcyanide".
- Vitamin_B12 pubchem "5479203".
- Vitamin_B12 thumbnail Cobalamin.png?width=300.
- Vitamin_B12 wikiPageExternalLink test.
- Vitamin_B12 wikiPageExternalLink vitaminb12.asp.
- Vitamin_B12 wikiPageExternalLink 979.html.
- Vitamin_B12 wikiPageID "14538619".
- Vitamin_B12 wikiPageRevisionID "606741238".
- Vitamin_B12 atcPrefix "B03".
- Vitamin_B12 atcSuffix "BA01".
- Vitamin_B12 author "Jane Higdon".
- Vitamin_B12 bioavailability "Readily absorbed in distal half of the ileum".
- Vitamin_B12 c "63".
- Vitamin_B12 casNumber "68".
- Vitamin_B12 chembl "1697777".
- Vitamin_B12 chemspiderid "10469504".
- Vitamin_B12 co "1".
- Vitamin_B12 drugbank "DB00115".
- Vitamin_B12 eliminationHalfLife "518400.0".
- Vitamin_B12 excretion Kidney.
- Vitamin_B12 h "88".
- Vitamin_B12 hasPhotoCollection Vitamin_B12.
- Vitamin_B12 id "vitamins/vitaminB12".
- Vitamin_B12 iupacName "α-cobamidcyanide".
- Vitamin_B12 kegg "D00166".
- Vitamin_B12 legalUk "POM".
- Vitamin_B12 legalUs "OTC".
- Vitamin_B12 metabolism Liver.
- Vitamin_B12 molecularWeight "1355.37".
- Vitamin_B12 n "14".
- Vitamin_B12 o "14".
- Vitamin_B12 p "1".
- Vitamin_B12 proteinBound "Binding of hydroxocobalamin is slightly higher than cyanocobalamin.".
- Vitamin_B12 proteinBound "Very high to specific transcobalamins plasma proteins".
- Vitamin_B12 pubchem "5479203".
- Vitamin_B12 routesOfAdministration "oral, IV, IM".
- Vitamin_B12 smiles "NCC[C@@]8[C@H]C=2/N=C8/C=C1/[C@@H][C@][C@@][C@@H]7/N=C[C@][C@H]7CC=O".
- Vitamin_B12 stdinchi "1".
- Vitamin_B12 stdinchikey "RMRCNWBMXRMIRW-WYVZQNDMSA-L".
- Vitamin_B12 title "Vitamin B12".
- Vitamin_B12 verifiedfields "changed".
- Vitamin_B12 verifiedrevid "477163311".
- Vitamin_B12 watchedfields "changed".
- Vitamin_B12 width "200".
- Vitamin_B12 subject Category:Cofactors.
- Vitamin_B12 subject Category:Organocobalt_compounds.
- Vitamin_B12 subject Category:Vitamin_B12.
- Vitamin_B12 type Drug.
- Vitamin_B12 type DrugProduct.
- Vitamin_B12 type FunctionalSubstance.
- Vitamin_B12 comment "Vitamin B12, vitamin B12 or vitamin B-12, also called cobalamin, is a water-soluble vitamin with a key role in the normal functioning of the brain and nervous system, and for the formation of blood. It is one of the eight B vitamins. It is normally involved in the metabolism of every cell of the human body, especially affecting DNA synthesis and regulation, but also fatty acid synthesis (especially odd chain fatty acids) and energy production.".
- Vitamin_B12 label "Cobalamina".
- Vitamin_B12 label "Cobalamine".
- Vitamin_B12 label "Cobalamine".
- Vitamin_B12 label "Vitamin B12".
- Vitamin_B12 label "Vitamina B12".
- Vitamin_B12 label "Vitamine B12".
- Vitamin_B12 label "Witamina B12".
- Vitamin_B12 label "Витамин B12".
- Vitamin_B12 label "فيتامين بي 12".
- Vitamin_B12 label "シアノコバラミン".
- Vitamin_B12 label "维生素B12".
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Vitamín_B12.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Cobalamine.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs B12_bitamina.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Vitamine_B12.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Vitamin_B12.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Cobalamina.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs シアノコバラミン.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs 비타민_B12.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Cobalamine.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Witamina_B12.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Vitamina_B12.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs m.0f4k5.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Q187706.
- Vitamin_B12 sameAs Q187706.
- Vitamin_B12 wasDerivedFrom Vitamin_B12?oldid=606741238.
- Vitamin_B12 depiction Cobalamin.png.
- Vitamin_B12 isPrimaryTopicOf Vitamin_B12.