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- War_of_1812 abstract "The War of 1812 was a 32-month military conflict between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, its North American colonies and its Indian allies. The outcome resolved many issues which remained from the American War of Independence, but involved no boundary changes. The United States declared war in 1812 for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by Britain's continuing war with France, the impressment of American merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support of American Indian tribes against American expansion, outrage over insults to national honour after humiliations on the high seas, and possible American interest in annexing British North American territory (part of modern-day Canada) which had been denied to them in the settlement ending the American Revolutionary War.The war was fought in three principal theatres. Firstly, at sea, warships and privateers of each side attacked the other's merchant ships, while the British blockaded the Atlantic coast of the United States and mounted large-scale raids in the later stages of the war. Secondly, both land and naval battles were fought on the American–Canadian frontier, which ran along the Great Lakes, the Saint Lawrence River and the northern end of Lake Champlain. Thirdly, the American South and Gulf Coast also saw major land battles in which the American forces defeated Britain's Indian allies and a British invasion force at New Orleans. Some invasions or counter strikes were unsuccessful, while others successfully attacked enemy objectives and took possession of opposition territory. At the end of the war both sides signed the Treaty of Ghent, and all parties returned occupied land to its pre-war owner.With the majority of its army and naval forces tied down in Europe fighting the Napoleonic Wars until 1814, the British at first used a defensive strategy, repelling multiple American invasions of the provinces of Upper and Lower Canada. The Americans gained control of Lake Erie in 1813, seized parts of western Ontario, and ended the prospect of an Indian confederacy and an independent Indian state in the Midwest under British sponsorship. In September 1814, a British force invaded and occupied eastern Maine. This territory, along with parts of Michigan and Wisconsin, were seized and held by the British and their Indian allies for the duration of the war. In the southwest, General Andrew Jackson destroyed the military strength of the Creek nation at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814. With the defeat of Napoleon in 1814 on April 6, the British adopted a more aggressive strategy, sending in three large invasion armies. The British victory at the Battle of Bladensburg in August 1814 allowed them to capture and burn Washington, D.C, but they were repulsed in an attempt to take Baltimore. American victories in September 1814 repulsed the British Invasions of New York and the British suffered a major defeat at New Orleans in January 1815.In the United States, late victories over invading British armies at the battles of Plattsburg, Baltimore (inspiring their national anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner"), and New Orleans produced a sense of euphoria over a "second war of independence" against Britain. Peace brought an "Era of Good Feelings" to the U.S. in which partisan animosity nearly vanished.In Upper and Lower Canada, British and Provincial militia victories over invading American armies became iconic and promoted the development of a distinct Canadian identity which included strong loyalty to Britain. Today, particularly in loyalist-founded Ontario, memory of the war retains its significance because the defeat of the invasions ensured that the Canadas would remain part of the British Empire rather than be annexed by the United States. In Canada, numerous ceremonies took place in 2012 to commemorate the war, offer historical lessons and celebrate 200 years of peace across the border. The war is scarcely remembered in Britain today, as it regarded the conflict as a sideshow to the much larger Napoleonic Wars raging in Europe.".
- War_of_1812 causalties "* 15,000 (est.) died from all causes.".
- War_of_1812 causalties "* 2,260 killed in action".
- War_of_1812 causalties "* 4,505 wounded.".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Spain".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Cherokee".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Chickamauga".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Choctaw".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Creek Red Sticks".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Creek allies".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Delaware (Lenape)".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Fox".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Iroquois".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Kickapoo".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Mascouten".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Miami".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Mingo".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Ojibway".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Ottawa".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Potawatomi".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Sauk".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Shawnee".
- War_of_1812 combatant "* Wyandot".
- War_of_1812 combatant "*".
- War_of_1812 combatant "** British North America".
- War_of_1812 combatant "*** Province of Lower Canada".
- War_of_1812 combatant "*** Province of Upper Canada".
- War_of_1812 combatant "British Empire and Allies".
- War_of_1812 combatant "U.S. and Allies".
- War_of_1812 commander Andrew_Jackson.
- War_of_1812 commander Charles_de_Salaberry.
- War_of_1812 commander George_Pr%C3%A9vost.
- War_of_1812 commander Gordon_Drummond.
- War_of_1812 commander Henry_Dearborn.
- War_of_1812 commander Isaac_Brock.
- War_of_1812 commander Jacob_Brown.
- War_of_1812 commander James_Madison.
- War_of_1812 commander Robert_Jenkinson,_2nd_Earl_of_Liverpool.
- War_of_1812 commander Tecumseh.
- War_of_1812 commander William_Henry_Harrison.
- War_of_1812 commander William_Hull.
- War_of_1812 commander Winfield_Scott.
- War_of_1812 commander Zebulon_Pike.
- War_of_1812 date "1812-06-18".
- War_of_1812 date "1815-02-18".
- War_of_1812 notes "* * Some militias operated in only their own regions.".
- War_of_1812 notes "* Killed in action".
- War_of_1812 notes "* ‡ A locally raised coastal protection and seminaval force on the Great Lakes.".
- War_of_1812 result "* Defeat of Tecumseh's Indian Confederation".
- War_of_1812 result "* Military stalemate".
- War_of_1812 result "Status quo ante bellum with no boundary changes;".
- War_of_1812 strength "(at start of war):".
- War_of_1812 strength "British Empire".
- War_of_1812 strength "Native allies:".
- War_of_1812 strength "Revenue Cutter Service".
- War_of_1812 strength "Royal Marines:".
- War_of_1812 strength "U.S. Marines, and".
- War_of_1812 strength "United States".
- War_of_1812 strength "— 5,200 (at start of war);".
- War_of_1812 strength "— 7,000 (at start of war);".
- War_of_1812 strength "— (unknown others)".
- War_of_1812 strength "— 10,000".
- War_of_1812 strength "— 125 Choctaw,".
- War_of_1812 strength "— 35,800 (at war's end)".
- War_of_1812 strength "— 48,160 (at war's end)".
- War_of_1812 strength "— Frigates: 34".
- War_of_1812 strength "— Frigates: 6".
- War_of_1812 strength "— Other vessels: 14".
- War_of_1812 strength "— Other vessels: 52".
- War_of_1812 strength "— Ships of the line: 11".
- War_of_1812 strength "— Ships: 9 (at start of war)".
- War_of_1812 strength "•British Army:".
- War_of_1812 strength "•Militia: 458,463 *".
- War_of_1812 strength "•Prov. regulars: 10,000".
- War_of_1812 strength "•Provincial Marine ‡ :".
- War_of_1812 strength "•Provincial militia: 4,000".
- War_of_1812 strength "•Rangers: 3,049".
- War_of_1812 strength "•Regular Army:".
- War_of_1812 strength "•Royal Navy and".
- War_of_1812 strength "•United States Navy,".
- War_of_1812 thumbnail War_of_1812_Montage.jpg?width=300.
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