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- West_Nile_virus abstract "West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. This flavivirus is found in temperate and tropical regions of the world. It was first identified in the West Nile subregion in the East African nation of Uganda in 1937. Prior to the mid-1990s, WNV disease occurred only sporadically and was considered a minor risk for humans, until an outbreak in Algeria in 1994, with cases of WNV-caused encephalitis, and the first large outbreak in Romania in 1996, with a high number of cases with neuroinvasive disease. WNV has now spread globally, with the first case in the Western Hemisphere being identified in New York City in 1999; over the next 5 years, the virus spread across the continental United States, north into Canada, and southward into the Caribbean Islands and Latin America. WNV also spread to Europe, beyond the Mediterranean Basin, and a new strain of the virus was identified in Italy in 2012. WNV is now considered to be an endemic pathogen in Africa, Asia, Australia, the Middle East, Europe and in the United States, which in 2012 has experienced one of its worst epidemics. In 2012, WNV killed 286 people in the United States, with the state of Texas being hard hit by this virus, making the year the deadliest on record for the United States.The main mode of WNV transmission is via various species of mosquitoes, which are the prime vector, with birds being the most commonly infected animal and serving as the prime reservoir host—especially passerines, which are of the largest order of birds, Passeriformes. WNV has been found in various species of ticks, but current research suggests they are not important vectors of the virus. WNV also infects various mammal species, including humans, and has been identified in reptilian species, including alligators and crocodiles, and also in amphibians. Not all animal species that are susceptible to WNV infection, including humans, and not all bird species develop sufficient viral levels to transmit the disease to uninfected mosquitoes, and are thus not considered major factors in WNV transmission.Approximately 80% of West Nile virus infections in humans are subclinical, which cause no symptoms. In the cases where symptoms do occur—termed West Nile fever in cases without neurological disease—the time from infection to the appearance of symptoms (incubation period) is typically between 2 and 15 days. Symptoms may include fever, headaches, fatigue, muscle pain or aches, malaise, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, myalgias and rash. Less than 1% of the cases are severe and result in neurological disease when the central nervous system is affected. People of advanced age, the very young, or those with immunosuppression, either medically induced, such as those taking immunosupressive drugs, or due to a pre-existing medical condition such as HIV infection, are most susceptible. The specific neurological diseases that may occur are West Nile encephalitis, which causes inflammation of the brain, West Nile meningitis, which causes inflammation of the meninges, which are the protective membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord, West Nile meningoencephalitis, which causes inflammation of the brain and also the meninges surrounding it, and West Nile poliomyelitis—spinal cord inflammation, which results in a syndrome similar to polio, which may cause acute flaccid paralysis.Currently, no vaccine against WNV infection is available. The best method to reduce the rates of WNV infection is mosquito control on the part of municipalities, businesses and individual citizens to reduce breeding populations of mosquitoes in public, commercial and private areas via various means including eliminating standing pools of water where mosquitoes breed, such as in old tires, buckets, unused swimming pools, etc. On an individual basis, the use of personal protective measures to avoid being bitten by an infected mosquito, via the use of mosquito repellent, window screens, avoiding areas where mosquitoes are more prone to congregate, such as near marshes, areas with heavy vegetation etc., and being more vigilant from dusk to dawn when mosquitoes are most active offers the best defense. In the event of being bitten by an infected mosquito, familiarity of the symptoms of WNV on the part of laypersons, physicians and allied health professionals affords the best chance of receiving timely medical treatment, which may aid in reducing associated possible complications and also appropriate palliative care.".
- West_Nile_virus diseasesdb "30025".
- West_Nile_virus icd10 "A92.3".
- West_Nile_virus icd9 "066.4".
- West_Nile_virus medlineplus "007186".
- West_Nile_virus meshId "D014901".
- West_Nile_virus thumbnail Em_wnvirus_j7908i.jpg?width=300.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink wnv.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink top.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink westnile.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink westnile.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink 2006-115.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink westnile.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink westnile.shtml.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink 021014-5.html.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink west%20nile%20virus.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink 17002.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink 16.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink home.do?decorator=flavi.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageExternalLink www.vrc.nih.gov.
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageID "37796".
- West_Nile_virus wikiPageRevisionID "606172887".
- West_Nile_virus diseasesdb "30025".
- West_Nile_virus familia "Flaviviridae".
- West_Nile_virus genus "Flavivirus".
- West_Nile_virus hasPhotoCollection West_Nile_virus.
- West_Nile_virus icd "66.4".
- West_Nile_virus icd "A92.3".
- West_Nile_virus imageWidth "200".
- West_Nile_virus medlineplus "7186".
- West_Nile_virus meshid "D014901".
- West_Nile_virus name "West Nile Virus".
- West_Nile_virus name "West Nile fever".
- West_Nile_virus ordo "Unassigned".
- West_Nile_virus species "West Nile virus".
- West_Nile_virus virusGroup "iv".
- West_Nile_virus wordnet_type synset-disease-noun-1.
- West_Nile_virus subject Category:Animal_vaccines.
- West_Nile_virus subject Category:Arthropod-borne_viral_fevers_and_viral_haemorrhagic_fevers.
- West_Nile_virus subject Category:Flaviviruses.
- West_Nile_virus subject Category:Horse_diseases.
- West_Nile_virus subject Category:Insect-borne_diseases.
- West_Nile_virus subject Category:Tropical_diseases.
- West_Nile_virus subject Category:Zoonoses.
- West_Nile_virus type Abstraction100002137.
- West_Nile_virus type Arthropod-borneViralFeversAndViralHaemorrhagicFevers.
- West_Nile_virus type Attribute100024264.
- West_Nile_virus type Cognition100023271.
- West_Nile_virus type Condition113920835.
- West_Nile_virus type Disease114070360.
- West_Nile_virus type Evidence105823932.
- West_Nile_virus type Fever114365356.
- West_Nile_virus type IllHealth114052046.
- West_Nile_virus type Illness114061805.
- West_Nile_virus type Information105816287.
- West_Nile_virus type PathologicalState114051917.
- West_Nile_virus type PhysicalCondition114034177.
- West_Nile_virus type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- West_Nile_virus type State100024720.
- West_Nile_virus type Symptom114299637.
- West_Nile_virus type Disease.
- West_Nile_virus type BiologicalLivingObject.
- West_Nile_virus type Situation.
- West_Nile_virus comment "West Nile virus (WNV) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic arbovirus belonging to the genus Flavivirus in the family Flaviviridae. This flavivirus is found in temperate and tropical regions of the world. It was first identified in the West Nile subregion in the East African nation of Uganda in 1937.".
- West_Nile_virus label "Gorączka Zachodniego Nilu".
- West_Nile_virus label "Virus del Nilo Occidental".
- West_Nile_virus label "Virus del Nilo occidentale".
- West_Nile_virus label "Virus du Nil occidental".
- West_Nile_virus label "Vírus do oeste do Nilo".
- West_Nile_virus label "West Nile virus".
- West_Nile_virus label "West-Nijlvirus".
- West_Nile_virus label "West-Nil-Virus".
- West_Nile_virus label "Вирус Западного Нила".
- West_Nile_virus label "فيروس غرب النيل".
- West_Nile_virus label "ウエストナイル熱".
- West_Nile_virus label "西尼羅河病毒".
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Západonilská_horečka.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs West-Nil-Virus.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Virus_del_Nilo_Occidental.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Virus_du_Nil_occidental.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Virus_West_Nile.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Virus_del_Nilo_occidentale.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs ウエストナイル熱.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs 웨스트_나일_바이러스.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs West-Nijlvirus.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Gorączka_Zachodniego_Nilu.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Vírus_do_oeste_do_Nilo.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs m.09fbp.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Q158856.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs Q158856.
- West_Nile_virus sameAs West_Nile_virus.
- West_Nile_virus wasDerivedFrom West_Nile_virus?oldid=606172887.
- West_Nile_virus depiction Em_wnvirus_j7908i.jpg.
- West_Nile_virus isPrimaryTopicOf West_Nile_virus.
- West_Nile_virus name "West Nile fever".