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- Bernal_v._Fainter abstract "Bernal v. Fainter, 467 U.S. 216 (1984), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Equal Protection Clause prohibited the state of Texas from barring noncitizens from applying for commission as a notary public.The Supreme Court recognized that legal aliens are a suspect class (citing Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365 (1971)), and therefore any law applying to legal aliens as a class is subject to strict scrutiny. The Court also recognized a "political function" exception that subjects alienage classification laws to a lower standard of review for "positions intimately related to the process of democratic self-governance." However, the Court held that since the requirements of being a notary are essentially ministerial (that is, without judgment or discretion, either the person fits the statutory requirement to have a document authenticated or they do not), and the only real requirement of a notary was to follow the law, being a notary does not have any special character of citizenship that would require one to necessarily be a citizen. This is unlike, say, being a police officer, where a locality may require police officers to be citizens because they act on behalf of the state and have considerable discretion in how the law is enforced. The Supreme Court struck down the Texas law that required a notary to be a citizen. The court also noted that notary commissions are issued by the Texas Secretary of State, who is not required to be a citizen despite holding the "highest appointive position" in Texas.".
- Bernal_v._Fainter wikiPageExternalLink getcase.pl?navby=case&court=us&vol=467&page=216.
- Bernal_v._Fainter wikiPageExternalLink case.html=.
- Bernal_v._Fainter wikiPageExternalLink 1983_83_630=.
- Bernal_v._Fainter wikiPageID "628818".
- Bernal_v._Fainter wikiPageRevisionID "583344942".
- Bernal_v._Fainter arguedate "--03-28".
- Bernal_v._Fainter argueyear "1984".
- Bernal_v._Fainter citation "172800.0".
- Bernal_v._Fainter decidedate "--05-30".
- Bernal_v._Fainter decideyear "1984".
- Bernal_v._Fainter dissent "Rehnquist".
- Bernal_v._Fainter fullname "Bernal v. Fainter, Secretary of State of Texas, et al.".
- Bernal_v._Fainter hasPhotoCollection Bernal_v._Fainter.
- Bernal_v._Fainter holding "Texas statute requiring that a notary public be a United States citizen violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Pp. 219-228.".
- Bernal_v._Fainter joinmajority "Burger, Brennan, White, Blackmun, Powell, Stevens, O'Connor".
- Bernal_v._Fainter lawsapplied Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- Bernal_v._Fainter litigants "Bernal v. Fainter".
- Bernal_v._Fainter majority "Marshall".
- Bernal_v._Fainter prior "Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit".
- Bernal_v._Fainter scotus "1981".
- Bernal_v._Fainter uspage "216".
- Bernal_v._Fainter usvol "467".
- Bernal_v._Fainter subject Category:1984_in_United_States_case_law.
- Bernal_v._Fainter subject Category:Notaries.
- Bernal_v._Fainter subject Category:United_States_Supreme_Court_cases.
- Bernal_v._Fainter subject Category:United_States_equal_protection_case_law.
- Bernal_v._Fainter type CausalAgent100007347.
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- Bernal_v._Fainter type Notaries.
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- Bernal_v._Fainter type Case.
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- Bernal_v._Fainter type SupremeCourtOfTheUnitedStatesCase.
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- Bernal_v._Fainter comment "Bernal v. Fainter, 467 U.S. 216 (1984), is a case in which the Supreme Court of the United States ruled that the Equal Protection Clause prohibited the state of Texas from barring noncitizens from applying for commission as a notary public.The Supreme Court recognized that legal aliens are a suspect class (citing Graham v. Richardson, 403 U.S. 365 (1971)), and therefore any law applying to legal aliens as a class is subject to strict scrutiny.".
- Bernal_v._Fainter label "Bernal v. Fainter".
- Bernal_v._Fainter sameAs m.02yc8w.
- Bernal_v._Fainter sameAs Q4892845.
- Bernal_v._Fainter sameAs Q4892845.
- Bernal_v._Fainter sameAs Bernal_v._Fainter.
- Bernal_v._Fainter wasDerivedFrom Bernal_v._Fainter?oldid=583344942.
- Bernal_v._Fainter isPrimaryTopicOf Bernal_v._Fainter.
- Bernal_v._Fainter name "Bernal v. Fainter, Secretary of State of Texas, et al.".