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- French_and_Indian_War abstract "The French and Indian War (1754–1763) was the North American theater of the worldwide Seven Years' War. The war was fought between the colonies of British America and New France, with both sides supported by military units from their parent countries of Great Britain and France, who declared war on each other in 1756, escalating the war from a regional affair into a world-wide conflict.The name, which is used mainly in the United States and in English-speaking Canada, refers to the two main enemies of the British colonists: the royal French forces and the various indigenous forces allied with them. British and European historians use the term the Seven Years' War, as do many Canadians. French Canadians call it La guerre de la Conquête (War of Conquest).The war was fought primarily along the frontiers separating New France and the British colonies, from Virginia to Nova Scotia. The French were greatly outnumbered, so they made heavy use of Indian allies. It began with a dispute over control of the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers, called the Forks of the Ohio, and the site of the French Fort Duquesne and present-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The dispute erupted into violence in the Battle of Jumonville Glen in May 1754, during which Virginia militiamen under the command of 22-year-old George Washington ambushed a French patrol. In 1755, six American governors met with General Edward Braddock, the newly arrived British Army commander, and planned a four-way attack on the French. None succeeded and the main effort by Braddock was a disaster; he was defeated in the Battle of the Monongahela on July 9, 1755 and died a few days later. British operations in 1755, 1756 and 1757 in the frontier areas of Pennsylvania and New York all failed, due to a combination of poor management, internal divisions, and effective Canadian, French and Indian offense. The 1755 British capture of Fort Beauséjour on the border separating Nova Scotia from Acadia was followed by the expulsion of the Acadians. Orders for the deportation were given by William Shirley, Commander-in-Chief, North America, without orders from Great Britain. The Acadians, both those captured in arms and those who had sworn the oath to His Britannic Majesty, were expelled. Native Americans were likewise driven off their land to make way for New England settlers.After the disastrous 1757 British campaigns (resulting in a failed expedition against Louisbourg and the Siege of Fort William Henry, which was followed by Indian torture and massacres of British victims), the British government fell. William Pitt came to power and significantly increased British military resources in the colonies at a time when France was unwilling to risk large convoys to aid the limited forces it had in New France. It concentrated its forces against Prussia and its allies in the European theatre of the war. Between 1758 and 1760, the British military successfully penetrated the heartland of New France, and took control of Montreal in September 1760.The outcome was one of the most significant developments in a century of Anglo-French conflict. France ceded French Louisiana west of the Mississippi River to its ally Spain in compensation for Spain's loss to Britain of Florida (which Spain had ceded to Britain in exchange for the return of Havana, Cuba). France's colonial presence north of the Caribbean was reduced to the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, confirming Britain's position as the dominant colonial power in eastern North America.".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "* British America".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "*".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant ":* Abenaki".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant ":* Mi'kmaq militia".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Algonquin".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Catawba".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Caughnawaga Mohawk".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Cherokee (before 1758)".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Iroquois Confederacy".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Lenape".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Ojibwa".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Ottawa".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Shawnee".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Wabanaki Confederacy".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Wyandot".
- French_and_Indian_War commander Daniel_Li%C3%A9nard_de_Beaujeu.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Edward_Boscawen.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Edward_Braddock.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Fran%C3%A7ois-Marie_Le_Marchand_de_Lignery.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Francis_de_Gaston,_Chevalier_de_Levis.
- French_and_Indian_War commander George_Washington.
- French_and_Indian_War commander James_Abercrombie_(British_Army_general).
- French_and_Indian_War commander James_Wolfe.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Jean_Erdman,_Baron_Dieskau.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst.
- French_and_Indian_War commander John_Campbell,_4th_Earl_of_Loudoun.
- French_and_Indian_War commander John_Forbes_(British_Army_officer).
- French_and_Indian_War commander Joseph_Coulon_de_Jumonville.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Louis-Joseph_de_Montcalm.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Michel-Ange_Duquesne_de_Menneville.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Pierre_de_Rigaud,_Marquis_de_Vaudreuil-Cavagnial.
- French_and_Indian_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Seven_Years'_War.
- French_and_Indian_War place North_America.
- French_and_Indian_War result "British Victory; Treaty of Paris".
- French_and_Indian_War strength "10,000 regulars (troupes de la terre and troupes de la marine, peak strength, 1757)".
- French_and_Indian_War strength "42,000 regulars and militia (peak strength, 1758)".
- French_and_Indian_War territory French_Louisiana.
- French_and_Indian_War territory New_France.
- French_and_Indian_War territory Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon.
- French_and_Indian_War thumbnail French_and_indian_war_map.svg?width=300.
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- French_and_Indian_War casus "GW".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "* Wabanaki Confederacy :* Abenaki :* Mi'kmaq militia Algonquin".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "* British America Iroquois Confederacy Catawba".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Caughnawaga Mohawk".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Cherokee".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Lenape".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Ojibwa".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Ottawa".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Shawnee".
- French_and_Indian_War combatant "Wyandot".
- French_and_Indian_War commander Edward_Boscawen.
- French_and_Indian_War commander George_Washington.
- French_and_Indian_War commander James_Abercrombie_(British_Army_general).
- French_and_Indian_War commander Jeffery_Amherst,_1st_Baron_Amherst.
- French_and_Indian_War commander John_Campbell,_4th_Earl_of_Loudoun.
- French_and_Indian_War commander John_Forbes_(British_Army_officer).
- French_and_Indian_War commander Michel-Ange_Duquesne_de_Menneville.
- French_and_Indian_War commander Pierre_François_de_Rigaud,_Marquis_de_Vaudreuil-Cavagnal.
- French_and_Indian_War commander "Baron Dieskau".
- French_and_Indian_War commander "Chevalier de Lévis".
- French_and_Indian_War commander "Daniel Lienard de Beaujeu".
- French_and_Indian_War commander "Edward Braddock".
- French_and_Indian_War commander "François-Marie de Lignery".
- French_and_Indian_War commander "James Wolfe".
- French_and_Indian_War commander "Joseph de Jumonville".
- French_and_Indian_War commander "Louis-Joseph de Montcalm".
- French_and_Indian_War conflict "French and Indian War".
- French_and_Indian_War date "1754".
- French_and_Indian_War hasPhotoCollection French_and_Indian_War.
- French_and_Indian_War partof "the Seven Years' War".
- French_and_Indian_War place North_America.
- French_and_Indian_War result "British Victory; Treaty of Paris".
- French_and_Indian_War strength "10000".
- French_and_Indian_War strength "42000".
- French_and_Indian_War territory "France cedes New France to Great Britain, retaining Saint Pierre and Miquelon, and transfers Louisiana to Spain".
- French_and_Indian_War wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
- French_and_Indian_War subject Category:18th_century_in_Canada.
- French_and_Indian_War subject Category:18th_century_in_France.
- French_and_Indian_War subject Category:18th_century_in_Great_Britain.
- French_and_Indian_War subject Category:18th_century_in_North_America.
- French_and_Indian_War subject Category:18th_century_in_the_United_States.
- French_and_Indian_War subject Category:Anglo-French_Wars.