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- Grutter_v._Bollinger abstract "Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, writing for the majority in a 5-4 decision and joined by Justices Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer, ruled that the University of Michigan Law School had a compelling interest in promoting class diversity. The court held that a race-conscious admissions process that may favor "underrepresented minority groups," but that also took into account many other factors evaluated on an individual basis for every applicant, did not amount to a quota system that would have been unconstitutional under Regents of the University of California v. Bakke.Justices Ginsburg and Breyer concurred in judgment, but stated that they did not subscribe to the Court's belief that the affirmative measures in question would be unnecessary in 25 years.Chief Justice Rehnquist, joined by Justices Kennedy, Scalia, and Thomas, dissented, arguing that the University's "plus" system was, in fact, a thinly veiled and unconstitutional quota system. Chief Justice Rehnquist cited the fact that the percentage of African American applicants closely mirrored the percentage of African American applicants that were accepted.Justice Kennedy also dissented separately, arguing that the Court failed to apply, in fact, strict scrutiny as required by Justice Powell's opinion in Bakke. Both Justice Scalia and Justice Thomas also dissented separately.".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=539&page=244.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=539&page=306.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink april.html.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink case.html.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink case.html.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink soci_201_bollinger_11-1.pdf.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink get-us-cite?539+244.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink get-us-cite?539+306.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageExternalLink 2002_02_241.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageID "204756".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wikiPageRevisionID "606545780".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger arguedate "--04-01".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger argueyear "2003".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger case "Gratz v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 244".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger case "Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger citation "17280.0".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger concurrence "Ginsburg".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger dissent "Scalia".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger dissent "Thomas".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger decidedate "--06-23".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger decideyear "2003".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger dissent "Kennedy".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger dissent "Rehnquist".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger findlaw getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=539&page=244.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger findlaw getcase.pl?navby=CASE&court=US&vol=539&page=306.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger fullname "Barbara Grutter, Petitioner v. Lee Bollinger, et al.".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger hasPhotoCollection Grutter_v._Bollinger.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger holding "University of Michigan Law School admissions program that gave special consideration for being a certain racial minority did not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger joinconcurrence "Breyer".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger dissent "Scalia".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger dissent "Thomas".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger joindissent "Scalia, Kennedy, Thomas".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger joinmajority "Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, Breyer".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger justia case.html.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger justia case.html.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger lawsapplied Fourteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger litigants "Grutter v. Bollinger".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger majority "O'Connor".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger otherSource "LII".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger otherUrl get-us-cite?539+244.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger otherUrl get-us-cite?539+306.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger prior "25920.0".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger scotus "1994".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger subsequent "Rehearing denied, 539 U.S. 982".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger uspage "306".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger usvol "539".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger subject Category:2003_in_United_States_case_law.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger subject Category:2003_in_the_United_States.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger subject Category:United_States_Supreme_Court_cases.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger subject Category:United_States_affirmative_action_case_law.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger subject Category:United_States_equal_protection_case_law.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger type Case.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger type LegalCase.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger type SupremeCourtOfTheUnitedStatesCase.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger type UnitOfWork.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger type Event.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger type Situation.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger comment "Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306 (2003), was a landmark case in which the United States Supreme Court upheld the affirmative action admissions policy of the University of Michigan Law School. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor, writing for the majority in a 5-4 decision and joined by Justices Stevens, Souter, Ginsburg, and Breyer, ruled that the University of Michigan Law School had a compelling interest in promoting class diversity.".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger label "Grutter v. Bollinger".
- Grutter_v._Bollinger sameAs 그루터_대_볼린저_사건.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger sameAs m.01d1ws.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger sameAs Q5612369.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger sameAs Q5612369.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger wasDerivedFrom Grutter_v._Bollinger?oldid=606545780.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger isPrimaryTopicOf Grutter_v._Bollinger.
- Grutter_v._Bollinger name "Barbara Grutter, Petitioner v. Lee Bollinger, et al.".