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- History_of_Swaziland abstract "Artifacts indicating human activity dating back to the early Stone Age 200,000 years ago have been found in the Kingdom of Swaziland. Prehistoric rock art paintings date from ca. 25,000 B.C. and continuing up to the 19th century can be found in various places around the country.The earliest known inhabitants of the region were Khoisan hunter-gatherers. They were largely replaced by the Bantu tribes during Bantu migrations who hailed from the Great Lakes regions of eastern and central Africa. Evidence of agriculture and iron use dates from about the 4th century and people speaking languages ancestral to current Sotho and Nguni languages began settling no later than the 11th century. The Swazi settlers, then known as the Ngwane had before entering Swaziland been settled on the banks of the Pongola River and prior to that in the area of the Tembe River near present day Maputo. Continuing conflict with the Ndwandwe people pushed them further north, with Ngwane III establishing his capital at Shiselweni at the foot of the Mhlosheni hills. Under Sobhuza I, the Ngwane people had their capital at Zombodze in the heartland of present day Swaziland having experienced great pressure from Zwide. In this process, they conquered and incorporated the long established clans of the country known to the Swazi as Emakhandzambili.The country now derives its name from the later king named Mswati II. However, kaNgwane is an alternative name for Swaziland and Dlamini remains the surname of the royal house, while Nkosi means "king". Mswati II was the greatest of the fighting kings of Swaziland, and he greatly extended the boundaries of the country to twice its current size. The Emakhandzambile clans initially were incorporated with wide autonomy, and often in part by granting them special ritual and political status (cf. mediatisation), but the extent of their autonomy was drastically curtailed by King Mswati II, who attacked and subdued some of them in the 1850s. With his power, he greatly reduced the influence of the Emakhandzambili while incorporating more people into his kingdom either through conquest, or by giving them refuge. These later arrival became known to the Swazis as Emafikamuva. The clans who accompanied the Dlamini kings, were however known as the Bemdzabuko or true Swazi.The autonomy of the Swaziland nation was influenced by British and Dutch rule of southern Africa in the 19th and early 20th centuries. In 1881 the British government signed a convention recognising Swazi independence despite the Scramble for Africa that was taking place at the time. This independence was also recognised in the convention of 1884. However due to controversial land, mineral rights, and other concessions, Swaziland had a triamvariate administration in 1890 following the death of King Mbandzeni in 1889. This government representing the British, Dutch republics and the Swazi people. Finally in 1894, a convention placed Swaziland under the South African Republic as a protectorate. This continued under the rule of Ngwane V until the outbreak of the Second Boer War in October 1899. Swaziland was indirectly involved in the war with various skirmishes between the British and the Boers occurring until 1902.In 1903, after British victory in the Boer war, Swaziland became a British protectorate. Much of its administration (for example, postal services) being carried out from South Africa until 1906 when the Transvaal colony was granted self-government. Following this, Swaziland was partitioned into European and non-European areas with the former being two thirds of the total land.The Swaziland independence Constitution was promulgated by Britain in November 1963 in terms of which a legislative Council and an Executive Council were established. This development was opposed by the Swazi National Council (liqoqo).Despite such opposition, elections took place and the first Legislative Council of Swaziland was constituted on 9 September 1964. Changes to the original constitution proposed by the Legislative Council were accepted by Britain and a new Constitution providing for a House of Assembly and Senate was drawn up. Elections under this Constitution were held in 1967. Swaziland was briefly a Protected State until Britain granted it full independence in 1968.Following the elections of 1973, the constitution of Swaziland was suspended by King Sobhuza II, thereby ruling the country by decree until his death in 1982. A regency followed with Queen Regent Dzeliwe Shongwe until 1984 when she was removed by Liqoqo and replaced by Queen Mother Ntombi Twala. Mswati III, the son of Ntombi, was crowned king on 25 April 1986 as Ingwenyama of Swaziland.The 1990s saw a rise in student and labor protests pressuring the king to introduce reforms. Thus the process to constitutional reforms began culminating in the introduction of the current Swaziland constitution in 2005. This has happened despite objections by political activists and the current constitution does not clearly deal with the status of political parties.".
- History_of_Swaziland thumbnail Flag_of_Swaziland.svg?width=300.
- History_of_Swaziland wikiPageExternalLink 2841.htm.
- History_of_Swaziland wikiPageID "56732".
- History_of_Swaziland wikiPageRevisionID "604695582".
- History_of_Swaziland hasPhotoCollection History_of_Swaziland.
- History_of_Swaziland subject Category:History_of_Swaziland.
- History_of_Swaziland subject Category:World_Digital_Library_related.
- History_of_Swaziland comment "Artifacts indicating human activity dating back to the early Stone Age 200,000 years ago have been found in the Kingdom of Swaziland. Prehistoric rock art paintings date from ca. 25,000 B.C. and continuing up to the 19th century can be found in various places around the country.The earliest known inhabitants of the region were Khoisan hunter-gatherers. They were largely replaced by the Bantu tribes during Bantu migrations who hailed from the Great Lakes regions of eastern and central Africa.".
- History_of_Swaziland label "Geschichte Swasilands".
- History_of_Swaziland label "Histoire du Swaziland".
- History_of_Swaziland label "Historia de Suazilandia".
- History_of_Swaziland label "History of Swaziland".
- History_of_Swaziland label "História da Suazilândia".
- History_of_Swaziland label "Storia dello Swaziland".
- History_of_Swaziland label "История Свазиленда".
- History_of_Swaziland label "スワジランドの歴史".
- History_of_Swaziland label "斯威士兰历史".
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs Geschichte_Swasilands.
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs Historia_de_Suazilandia.
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs Histoire_du_Swaziland.
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs Storia_dello_Swaziland.
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs スワジランドの歴史.
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs História_da_Suazilândia.
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs m.011928xr.
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs Q902521.
- History_of_Swaziland sameAs Q902521.
- History_of_Swaziland wasDerivedFrom History_of_Swaziland?oldid=604695582.
- History_of_Swaziland depiction Flag_of_Swaziland.svg.
- History_of_Swaziland isPrimaryTopicOf History_of_Swaziland.