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- Maria_Theresa abstract "Maria Theresa Walburga Amalia Christina (German: Maria Theresia; 13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy Roman Empress.She started her 40-year reign when her father, Emperor Charles VI, died in October 1740. Charles VI paved the way for her accession with the Pragmatic Sanction of 1713 and spent his entire reign securing it. Upon the death of her father, Saxony, Prussia, Bavaria, and France all repudiated the sanction they had recognised during his lifetime. Prussia proceeded to invade the affluent Habsburg province of Silesia, sparking a nine-year conflict known as the War of the Austrian Succession, and subsequently conquered it. Maria Theresa would later unsuccessfully try to reconquer Silesia during the Seven Years' War.Maria Theresa and her husband, Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor, had sixteen children, including Queen Marie Antoinette of France, Queen Maria Carolina of Naples, Duchess Maria Amalia of Parma and two Holy Roman Emperors, Joseph II and Leopold II. Though she was expected to cede power to Francis and Joseph, both of whom were officially her co-rulers in Austria and Bohemia, Maria Theresa was the absolute sovereign who ruled by the counsel of her advisers. She criticised and disapproved of many of Joseph's actions. Although she is considered to have been intellectually inferior to both Joseph and Leopold, Maria Theresa understood the importance of her public persona and was able to simultaneously evoke both esteem and affection from her subjects.Maria Theresa promulgated financial and educational reforms, with the assistance of Count Friedrich Wilhelm von Haugwitz and Gerard van Swieten, promoted commerce and the development of agriculture, and reorganised Austria's ramshackle military, all of which strengthened Austria's international standing. However, she refused to allow religious toleration and contemporary travellers thought her regime was bigoted and superstitious. As a young monarch who fought two dynastic wars, she believed that her cause should be the cause of her subjects, but in her later years she would believe that their cause must be hers.".
- Maria_Theresa birthDate "1717-05-13".
- Maria_Theresa birthPlace Hofburg_Palace.
- Maria_Theresa birthPlace Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa birthYear "1717".
- Maria_Theresa deathDate "1780-11-29".
- Maria_Theresa deathPlace Hofburg_Palace.
- Maria_Theresa deathPlace Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa deathYear "1780".
- Maria_Theresa parent Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa parent Elisabeth_Christine_of_Brunswick-Wolfenb%C3%BCttel.
- Maria_Theresa predecessor Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa restingPlace Imperial_Crypt.
- Maria_Theresa restingPlace Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa spouse Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa successor Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa thumbnail Kaiserin_Maria_Theresia_(HRR).jpg?width=300.
- Maria_Theresa viafId "59876481".
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink mariatheresaofau006542mbp.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink mariatheres.html.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink 09662d.htm.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink 000085899.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageExternalLink maria.html.
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageID "48449".
- Maria_Theresa wikiPageRevisionID "604785680".
- Maria_Theresa after Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa before Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa birthDate "1717-05-13".
- Maria_Theresa birthPlace Hofburg_Palace.
- Maria_Theresa birthPlace Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa caption "The Empress in 1759, by Martin van Meytens".
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduchess_Maria_Amalia_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduchess_Maria_Anna_of_Austria_(1738%E2%80%931789).
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduchess_Maria_Carolina_of_Austria_(1740–1741).
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduchess_Maria_Carolina_of_Austria_(1748).
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduchess_Maria_Elisabeth_of_Austria_(1743–1808).
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduchess_Maria_Johanna_Gabriela_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduchess_Maria_Josepha_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduke_Charles_Joseph_of_Austria_(1745%E2%80%931761).
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Archduke_Maximilian_Francis_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Ferdinand,_Duke_of_Breisgau.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Leopold_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Maria_Carolina_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Maria_Christina,_Duchess_of_Teschen.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass Marie_Antoinette.
- Maria_Theresa div%3E%3CdivClass ""NavContent" style="display:none;">Archduchess Maria Elisabeth".
- Maria_Theresa coronation "1741-06-25".
- Maria_Theresa coronation "1743-05-12".
- Maria_Theresa dateOfBirth "1717-05-13".
- Maria_Theresa dateOfDeath "1780-11-29".
- Maria_Theresa deathDate "1780-11-29".
- Maria_Theresa deathPlace "Hofburg Palace, Vienna".
- Maria_Theresa father Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa fullName "Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina".
- Maria_Theresa hasPhotoCollection Maria_Theresa.
- Maria_Theresa house House_of_Habsburg.
- Maria_Theresa issue "'''[[#Issue".
- Maria_Theresa mother Elisabeth_Christine_of_Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel.
- Maria_Theresa name "Maria Theresa".
- Maria_Theresa placeOfBirth Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa placeOfBurial "Imperial Crypt, Vienna".
- Maria_Theresa placeOfDeath Vienna.
- Maria_Theresa predecessor Charles_VI,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa regent Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa regent Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa reign "--09-13".
- Maria_Theresa reign "--10-20".
- Maria_Theresa reign "--11-29".
- Maria_Theresa reign "1765-08-18".
- Maria_Theresa reignType "Tenure".
- Maria_Theresa religion Catholic_Church.
- Maria_Theresa rows "3".
- Maria_Theresa shortDescription "Holy Roman Empress consort".
- Maria_Theresa signature "Signature Maria Theresa.svg".
- Maria_Theresa spouse Francis_I,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa succession List_of_Bohemian_consorts.
- Maria_Theresa succession List_of_Holy_Roman_Empresses.
- Maria_Theresa succession "Queen consort of Germany".
- Maria_Theresa succession "Queen of Hungary and Croatia; Archduchess of Austria".
- Maria_Theresa successor Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Maria_Theresa title Archduchy_of_Austria.
- Maria_Theresa title Count_of_Flanders.
- Maria_Theresa title Duke_of_Brabant.
- Maria_Theresa title Duke_of_Limburg.
- Maria_Theresa title Duke_of_Parma.
- Maria_Theresa title Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria.
- Maria_Theresa title List_of_Bohemian_consorts.
- Maria_Theresa title List_of_Holy_Roman_Empresses.
- Maria_Theresa title "Hainaut and Namur".
- Maria_Theresa title "Lothier, Luxembourg and Milan;".
- Maria_Theresa title "Queen of Hungary and Croatia".
- Maria_Theresa years "1740".
- Maria_Theresa years "1743".
- Maria_Theresa years "1745".
- Maria_Theresa years "1765".
- Maria_Theresa years "1772".
- Maria_Theresa description "Holy Roman Empress consort".
- Maria_Theresa description "Holy Roman Empress consort".
- Maria_Theresa subject Category:1717_births.