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- Mike_Gravel abstract "Maurice Robert "Mike" Gravel (/ɡrəˈvɛl/; born May 13, 1930) is a former Democratic United States Senator from Alaska, who served two terms from 1969 to 1981, and was a candidate in the 2008 U.S. presidential election.Born and raised in Springfield, Massachusetts, by French-Canadian immigrant parents, Gravel served in the U.S. Army in West Germany, and he later graduated from Columbia University. He moved to Alaska in the late 1950s, becoming a real estate developer and entering politics. He served in the Alaska House of Representatives from 1963 to 1966 and also became Speaker of the Alaska House. Gravel was elected to the U.S. Senate in 1968.As a Senator, Gravel became nationally known for his forceful but unsuccessful attempts to end the draft during the War in Vietnam and for putting the Pentagon Papers into the public record in 1971 at some risk to himself. He conducted an unusual campaign for the Democratic nomination in 1972 for Vice President of the United States, and then played a crucial role in getting Congressional approval for the Trans-Alaska pipeline in 1973. He was re-elected to the Senate in 1974, but gradually alienated most of his Alaskan constituencies and his bid for a third term was defeated in a primary election in 1980.Gravel returned to business ventures and went through difficult times, suffering corporate and personal bankruptcies amid poor health. He has been a quixotic advocate of direct democracy and the National Initiative. In 2006, Gravel began a run for the Democratic nomination for President of the United States to promote those ideas. His campaign gained an Internet following and national attention due to forceful, humorous, and politically unorthodox debate appearances during 2007, but he found very little support in national polls or in 2008 caucuses and primaries. In March 2008, he announced that he was switching to the Libertarian Party to compete for its presidential nomination and the inclusion of the National Initiative into the Libertarian Platform. At the Libertarian National Convention of 2008 he failed on both counts, and he announced that his political electoral career had ended.".
- Mike_Gravel activeYearsEndDate "1967-01-22".
- Mike_Gravel activeYearsEndDate "1981-01-03".
- Mike_Gravel activeYearsStartDate "1963-01-28".
- Mike_Gravel activeYearsStartDate "1965-01-25".
- Mike_Gravel activeYearsStartDate "1969-01-03".
- Mike_Gravel alias "Gravel, Maurice Robert".
- Mike_Gravel birthDate "1930-05-13".
- Mike_Gravel birthName "Maurice Robert Gravel".
- Mike_Gravel birthPlace Springfield,_Massachusetts.
- Mike_Gravel birthYear "1930".
- Mike_Gravel governor William_A._Egan.
- Mike_Gravel militaryBranch United_States_Army.
- Mike_Gravel militaryRank First_lieutenant.
- Mike_Gravel orderInOffice "3rd Speaker of the Alaska House of Representatives".
- Mike_Gravel orderInOffice "Member of the Alaska House of Representatives from the 8th district".
- Mike_Gravel party Democratic_Party_(United_States).
- Mike_Gravel party Libertarian_Party_(United_States).
- Mike_Gravel profession Real_estate_development.
- Mike_Gravel religion Unitarian_Universalism.
- Mike_Gravel serviceEndYear "1954".
- Mike_Gravel serviceStartYear "1951".
- Mike_Gravel successor Frank_Murkowski.
- Mike_Gravel successor William_K._Boardman.
- Mike_Gravel termPeriod Mike_Gravel__1.
- Mike_Gravel termPeriod Mike_Gravel__2.
- Mike_Gravel termPeriod Mike_Gravel__3.
- Mike_Gravel thumbnail Mike_Gravel.jpg?width=300.
- Mike_Gravel viafId "108897008".
- Mike_Gravel wikiPageExternalLink www.mikegravel.us.
- Mike_Gravel wikiPageID "293567".
- Mike_Gravel wikiPageRevisionID "605512888".
- Mike_Gravel after Clark_Gruening.
- Mike_Gravel after Frank_Murkowski.
- Mike_Gravel after William_K._Boardman.
- Mike_Gravel alongside Ted_Stevens.
- Mike_Gravel alternativeNames "Gravel, Maurice Robert".
- Mike_Gravel before Bruce_B._Kendall.
- Mike_Gravel before Ernest_Gruening.
- Mike_Gravel birthDate "1930-05-13".
- Mike_Gravel birthPlace Springfield,_Massachusetts.
- Mike_Gravel birthname "Maurice Robert Gravel".
- Mike_Gravel branch United_States_Army.
- Mike_Gravel class "3".
- Mike_Gravel dateOfBirth "1930-05-13".
- Mike_Gravel education Columbia_University.
- Mike_Gravel governor William_A._Egan.
- Mike_Gravel hasPhotoCollection Mike_Gravel.
- Mike_Gravel imagesize "220".
- Mike_Gravel sr "United States Senator".
- Mike_Gravel name "Gravel, Mike".
- Mike_Gravel order "3".
- Mike_Gravel order "Member of the Alaska House of Representatives from the 8th district".
- Mike_Gravel party Democratic_Party_(United_States).
- Mike_Gravel party Libertarian_Party_(United_States).
- Mike_Gravel placeOfBirth "Springfield, Massachusetts, U.S.".
- Mike_Gravel predecessor Bruce_B._Kendall.
- Mike_Gravel predecessor Ernest_Gruening.
- Mike_Gravel profession "Real estate development, author".
- Mike_Gravel rank First_lieutenant.
- Mike_Gravel religion Unitarian_Universalism.
- Mike_Gravel serviceyears "1951".
- Mike_Gravel shortDescription "American politician; United States Senator".
- Mike_Gravel signature "Mike Gravel Signature.svg".
- Mike_Gravel spouse "Rita Martin".
- Mike_Gravel spouse "Whitney Stewart Gravel".
- Mike_Gravel state Alaska.
- Mike_Gravel state "Alaska".
- Mike_Gravel successor Frank_Murkowski.
- Mike_Gravel successor William_K._Boardman.
- Mike_Gravel termEnd "1967-01-22".
- Mike_Gravel termEnd "1981-01-03".
- Mike_Gravel termStart "1963-01-28".
- Mike_Gravel termStart "1965-01-25".
- Mike_Gravel termStart "1969-01-03".
- Mike_Gravel title List_of_Speakers_of_the_Alaska_House_of_Representatives.
- Mike_Gravel title "Democratic Party nominee for Senator from Alaska".
- Mike_Gravel wordnet_type synset-incumbent-noun-1.
- Mike_Gravel years "1965".
- Mike_Gravel years "19681974".
- Mike_Gravel years "1969".
- Mike_Gravel description "American politician; United States Senator (D-AK)".
- Mike_Gravel description "American politician; United States Senator (D-AK)".
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:1930_births.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:Alaska_Democrats.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:American_International_College_alumni.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:American_Unitarian_Universalists.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:American_anti–Iraq_War_activists.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:American_democracy_activists.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:American_libertarians.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:American_people_of_French-Canadian_descent.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:American_political_writers.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:American_real_estate_businesspeople.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:Anti-corporate_activists.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:Assumption_College_alumni.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:Businesspeople_from_Alaska.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:Columbia_University_School_of_General_Studies_alumni.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:Democratic_Party_United_States_Senators.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:Direct_democracy_activists.
- Mike_Gravel subject Category:Drug_policy_reform_activists.