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- Polish_Underground_State abstract "The Polish Underground State (Polish: Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State) is a collective term for the underground resistance organizations in Poland during World War II, both military and civilian, that were loyal to the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile in London. The first elements of the Underground State were established in the final days of the German invasion of Poland that began in September 1939. The Underground State was perceived by supporters as a legal continuation of the pre-war Republic of Poland (and its institutions) that waged an armed struggle against the country's occupying powers: Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union. The Underground State encompassed not only military resistance, one of the largest in the world, but also civilian structures, such as education, culture and social services.Although the Underground State enjoyed broad support throughout much of the war, it was not supported or recognized by the far left (communists). The nationalists from the National Radical Camp Falanga and National Radical Camp ABC opposed the German occupation of Poland and the two movements were quickly replaced by the Konfederacja Narodu, a part of the PolishUnderground State which also included most members of the pre-war far-right. Influence of the communists eventually declined amid military reversals (most notably, the failure of the Warsaw Uprising) and the growing hostility of the USSR. The Soviet Union had created an alternative, puppet government in 1944 (the Polish Committee of National Liberation) and ensured it formed the basis of the post-war government in Poland. During the Soviet-backed communist takeover of Poland at the end of the war, many Underground State members were prosecuted as alleged traitors and died in captivity. Abandoned by the Western Allies, finding it impossible to negotiate with the Soviets, and wishing to avoid a civil war, the key institutions of the Underground State dissolved themselves in the first half of 1945.Ultimately, hundreds of thousands of people were directly involved with various agencies of the Underground State (the estimates for membership in Armia Krajowa alone are often given at approaching half a million people), and they were quietly supported by millions of Polish citizens. The rationale behind the creation of the secret civilian authority drew on the fact that the German and Soviet occupation of Poland was illegal. Hence, all institutions created by the occupying powers were considered illegal, and parallel Polish underground institutions were set up in accordance with Polish law. The scale of the Underground State was also inadvertently aided by the actions of the occupiers, whose attempts to destroy the Polish state, nation, and its culture, including most importantly genocidal policies that targeted Polish citizens, fuelled popular support for the Polish resistance movement and its development.During the Cold War era, research on the Underground State was curtailed by Polish communist officials, who instead emphasized the role that communist partisans played in the anti-Nazi resistance. Hence, until recently, the bulk of research done on this topic was carried out by Polish scholars living in exile.".
- Polish_Underground_State anthem Poland_Is_Not_Yet_Lost.
- Polish_Underground_State dissolutionDate "1990-12-22".
- Polish_Underground_State dissolutionYear "1990".
- Polish_Underground_State foundingDate "1939-09-17".
- Polish_Underground_State foundingYear "1939".
- Polish_Underground_State thumbnail Flag_of_Poland.svg?width=300.
- Polish_Underground_State wikiPageExternalLink books?id=KwIDAAAACAAJ.
- Polish_Underground_State wikiPageExternalLink state.htm.
- Polish_Underground_State wikiPageID "964250".
- Polish_Underground_State wikiPageRevisionID "602703735".
- Polish_Underground_State capital "Warsaw".
- Polish_Underground_State capitalExile Angers.
- Polish_Underground_State capitalExile London.
- Polish_Underground_State capitalExile Paris.
- Polish_Underground_State colwidth "30".
- Polish_Underground_State commonLanguages Polish_language.
- Polish_Underground_State commonName "Polish government-in-exile".
- Polish_Underground_State continent "africa".
- Polish_Underground_State conventionalLongName "Government of the Republic of Poland in exile".
- Polish_Underground_State dateEnd "--12-22".
- Polish_Underground_State datePre "1935-04-23".
- Polish_Underground_State dateStart "--09-17".
- Polish_Underground_State deputy "Edward Szczepanik".
- Polish_Underground_State deputy "Władysław Sikorski".
- Polish_Underground_State era Cold_War.
- Polish_Underground_State era World_War_II.
- Polish_Underground_State eventEnd History_of_Poland_(1945%E2%80%9389).
- Polish_Underground_State eventPre April_Constitution_of_Poland.
- Polish_Underground_State eventStart Invasion_of_Poland.
- Polish_Underground_State flag "Flag of Poland".
- Polish_Underground_State flagP "Flag of Poland.svg".
- Polish_Underground_State flagS "Flag of Poland.svg".
- Polish_Underground_State governmentType "Republic".
- Polish_Underground_State hasPhotoCollection Polish_Underground_State.
- Polish_Underground_State imageCoat "Coat of arms of the Polish Government in exile .svg".
- Polish_Underground_State imageFlag "Flag of Poland.svg".
- Polish_Underground_State nationalAnthem "("Poland Is Not Yet Lost")".
- Polish_Underground_State nationalAnthem "Mazurek Dąbrowskiego".
- Polish_Underground_State nativeName "Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie".
- Polish_Underground_State p "Second Polish Republic".
- Polish_Underground_State s "Poland".
- Polish_Underground_State status Government_in_exile.
- Polish_Underground_State symbol "Coat of arms of Poland".
- Polish_Underground_State titleDeputy List_of_Prime_Ministers_of_Poland.
- Polish_Underground_State titleLeader List_of_heads_of_state_of_Poland.
- Polish_Underground_State yearDeputy "1939".
- Polish_Underground_State yearDeputy "1986".
- Polish_Underground_State yearEnd "1990".
- Polish_Underground_State yearLeader "1939".
- Polish_Underground_State yearLeader "1989".
- Polish_Underground_State yearStart "1939".
- Polish_Underground_State subject Category:1939_establishments_in_Poland.
- Polish_Underground_State subject Category:1945_disestablishments_in_Poland.
- Polish_Underground_State subject Category:Polish_Underground_State.
- Polish_Underground_State type Country.
- Polish_Underground_State type Place.
- Polish_Underground_State type PopulatedPlace.
- Polish_Underground_State type Wikidata:Q532.
- Polish_Underground_State type Country.
- Polish_Underground_State type Place.
- Polish_Underground_State type Location.
- Polish_Underground_State comment "The Polish Underground State (Polish: Polskie Państwo Podziemne, also known as the Polish Secret State) is a collective term for the underground resistance organizations in Poland during World War II, both military and civilian, that were loyal to the Government of the Republic of Poland in exile in London. The first elements of the Underground State were established in the final days of the German invasion of Poland that began in September 1939.".
- Polish_Underground_State label "Estado Secreto Polaco".
- Polish_Underground_State label "Estado secreto polaco".
- Polish_Underground_State label "Polish Underground State".
- Polish_Underground_State label "Polnischer Untergrundstaat".
- Polish_Underground_State label "Polskie Państwo Podziemne".
- Polish_Underground_State label "Stato segreto polacco".
- Polish_Underground_State label "Польское подпольное государство".
- Polish_Underground_State sameAs Polnischer_Untergrundstaat.
- Polish_Underground_State sameAs Estado_secreto_polaco.
- Polish_Underground_State sameAs Stato_segreto_polacco.
- Polish_Underground_State sameAs Polskie_Państwo_Podziemne.
- Polish_Underground_State sameAs Estado_Secreto_Polaco.
- Polish_Underground_State sameAs m.03txbc.
- Polish_Underground_State sameAs Q116080.
- Polish_Underground_State sameAs Q116080.
- Polish_Underground_State wasDerivedFrom Polish_Underground_State?oldid=602703735.
- Polish_Underground_State depiction Flag_of_Poland.svg.
- Polish_Underground_State isPrimaryTopicOf Polish_Underground_State.
- Polish_Underground_State name "Government of the Republic of Poland in exile".
- Polish_Underground_State name "Polish government-in-exile".
- Polish_Underground_State name "Rząd Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej na uchodźstwie".