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- William_Garrow abstract "Sir William Garrow KC, PC, FRS (13 April 1760 – 24 September 1840) was a British barrister, politician and judge known for his indirect reform of the advocacy system, which helped usher in the adversarial court system used in most common law nations today. He introduced the phrase "presumed innocent until proven guilty", insisting that defendants' accusers and their evidence be thoroughly tested in court. Born to a priest and his wife in Monken Hadley, then in Middlesex, Garrow was educated at his father's school in the village before being apprenticed to Thomas Southouse, an attorney in Cheapside, which preceded a pupillage with Mr. Crompton, a special pleader. A dedicated student of the law, Garrow frequently observed cases at the Old Bailey; as a result Crompton recommended that he become a solicitor or barrister. Garrow joined Lincoln's Inn in November 1778, and was called to the Bar on 27 November 1783. He quickly established himself as a criminal defence counsel, and in February 1793 was made a King's Counsel by HM Government to prosecute cases involving treason and felonies.He was elected to Parliament in 1805 for Gatton, a rotten borough, and became Solicitor General for England and Wales in 1812 and Attorney General for England and Wales a year later. Although not happy in Parliament, having been returned only for political purposes, Garrow acted as one of the principal Whig spokesmen trying to stop criminal law reform as campaigned for by Samuel Romilly and also attempted to pass legislation to condemn animal cruelty. In 1817, he was made a Baron of the Exchequer and a Serjeant-at-Law, forcing his resignation from Parliament, and he spent the next 15 years as a judge. He was not particularly successful in the commercial cases the Exchequer specialised in, but when on Assize, used his criminal law knowledge from his years at the Bar to great effect. On his resignation in 1832 he was made a Privy Councillor, a sign of the respect HM Government had for him. He died on 24 September 1840.For much of the 19th and 20th centuries his work was forgotten by academics, and interest arose only in 1991, with an article by John Beattie titled "Garrow for the Defence" in History Today. Garrow is best known for his criminal defence work, which, through the example he set with his aggressive defence of clients, helped establish the modern adversarial system in use in the United Kingdom, the United States, and other former British colonies. Garrow is also known for his impact on the rules of evidence, leading to the best evidence rule. His work was cited as recently as 1982 in the Supreme Court of Canada and 2006 in the Irish Court of Criminal Appeal. In 2009, BBC One broadcast Garrow's Law, a four-part fictionalised drama of Garrow's beginnings at the Old Bailey; a second series aired in late 2010. BBC One began broadcasting the third series in November 2011.".
- William_Garrow activeYearsEndDate "1817-05-06".
- William_Garrow activeYearsEndDate "1832-02-22".
- William_Garrow activeYearsStartDate "1817-05-06".
- William_Garrow birthDate "1760-04-13".
- William_Garrow birthPlace Aberdeenshire.
- William_Garrow birthPlace Scotland.
- William_Garrow birthYear "1760".
- William_Garrow deathDate "1840-09-24".
- William_Garrow deathYear "1840".
- William_Garrow nationality United_Kingdom.
- William_Garrow office "Attorney General for England and Wales".
- William_Garrow office "Baron of the Exchequer".
- William_Garrow orderInOffice "Solicitor General for England and Wales".
- William_Garrow party Whigs_(British_political_party).
- William_Garrow profession Barrister.
- William_Garrow successor John_Gurney_(judge).
- William_Garrow successor Robert_Dallas.
- William_Garrow successor Samuel_Shepherd.
- William_Garrow thumbnail William_Garrow2.jpg?width=300.
- William_Garrow viafId "11862816".
- William_Garrow wikiPageExternalLink www.garrowsociety.org.
- William_Garrow wikiPageID "12825097".
- William_Garrow wikiPageRevisionID "597834031".
- William_Garrow after James_Athol_Wood.
- William_Garrow after Mark_Singleton_(politician).
- William_Garrow after Robert_Gifford,_1st_Baron_Gifford.
- William_Garrow after Sir_Mark_Wood,_1st_Baronet.
- William_Garrow after Thomas_Hamilton,_9th_Earl_of_Haddington.
- William_Garrow after Thomas_Carter_(died_1835).
- William_Garrow alt "A young man with brown, curly hair sitting in front of some kind of cloth. Books can be seen underneath the cloth; the man is wearing a jacket with a white cravat".
- William_Garrow before Charles_Arbuthnot.
- William_Garrow before Mark_Singleton_(politician).
- William_Garrow before Philip_Dundas.
- William_Garrow before Sir_Mark_Wood,_1st_Baronet.
- William_Garrow before Thomas_Plumer.
- William_Garrow before Ambrose_St_John_(politician).
- William_Garrow before Paul_Orchard.
- William_Garrow birthDate "1760-04-13".
- William_Garrow birthPlace "Hadley, Middx".
- William_Garrow caption "William Garrow in 1810, aged 50".
- William_Garrow dateOfBirth "1760-04-13".
- William_Garrow dateOfDeath "1840-09-24".
- William_Garrow deathDate "1840-09-24".
- William_Garrow hasPhotoCollection William_Garrow.
- William_Garrow honorificPrefix The_Right_Honourable.
- William_Garrow honorificSuffix Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- William_Garrow honorificSuffix Queen's_Counsel.
- William_Garrow honorificSuffix Royal_Society.
- William_Garrow name "Sir William Garrow".
- William_Garrow name "William Garrow".
- William_Garrow nationality United_Kingdom.
- William_Garrow office Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales.
- William_Garrow office Baron_of_the_Exchequer.
- William_Garrow office Solicitor_General_for_England_and_Wales.
- William_Garrow party Whigs_(British_political_party).
- William_Garrow placeOfBirth "Aberdeenshire, Scotland".
- William_Garrow predecessor Richard_Richards_(judge).
- William_Garrow predecessor Thomas_Plumer.
- William_Garrow profession "Barrister, Politician, Judge".
- William_Garrow rows "2".
- William_Garrow shortDescription "British Barrister, Politician & Judge".
- William_Garrow spouse "Sarah Dore".
- William_Garrow successor John_Gurney_(judge).
- William_Garrow successor Robert_Dallas.
- William_Garrow successor Samuel_Shepherd.
- William_Garrow termEnd "1817-05-06".
- William_Garrow termEnd "1832-02-22".
- William_Garrow termEnd "May 1813".
- William_Garrow termStart "1817-05-06".
- William_Garrow termStart "June 1812".
- William_Garrow termStart "May 1813".
- William_Garrow title Attorney_General_for_England_and_Wales.
- William_Garrow title Baron_of_the_Exchequer.
- William_Garrow title Duchy_of_Cornwall.
- William_Garrow title Solicitor_General_for_England_and_Wales.
- William_Garrow title "Member of Parliament for Callington".
- William_Garrow title "Member of Parliament for Eye".
- William_Garrow title "Member of Parliament for Gatton".
- William_Garrow with Mark_Singleton_(politician).
- William_Garrow with Sir_Mark_Wood,_1st_Baronet.
- William_Garrow with William_Wickham_(1761%E2%80%931840).
- William_Garrow years "1805".
- William_Garrow years "1806".
- William_Garrow years "1812".
- William_Garrow years "1813".
- William_Garrow years "1817".
- William_Garrow description "British Barrister, Politician & Judge".
- William_Garrow description "British Barrister, Politician & Judge".
- William_Garrow subject Category:1760_births.
- William_Garrow subject Category:1840_deaths.
- William_Garrow subject Category:Attorneys_General_for_England_and_Wales.
- William_Garrow subject Category:Barons_of_the_Exchequer.
- William_Garrow subject Category:English_barristers.
- William_Garrow subject Category:Fellows_of_the_Royal_Society.
- William_Garrow subject Category:Knights_Bachelor.
- William_Garrow subject Category:Members_of_Lincoln's_Inn.
- William_Garrow subject Category:Members_of_the_Privy_Council_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- William_Garrow subject Category:Members_of_the_United_Kingdom_Parliament_for_English_constituencies.
- William_Garrow subject Category:Members_of_the_United_Kingdom_Parliament_for_constituencies_in_Cornwall.