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- Winter_War abstract "The Winter War (Finnish: Talvisota, Swedish: Vinterkriget, Russian: Зи́мняя война́, tr. Zimnyaya voyna) was a military conflict between the Soviet Union and Finland in 1939–1940. It began with the Soviet invasion of Finland on 30 November 1939 (three months after the outbreak of World War II), and ended with the Moscow Peace Treaty on 13 March 1940. The League of Nations deemed the attack illegal and expelled the Soviet Union from the League on 14 December 1939.The Soviet Union sought principally to claim parts of Finnish territory, demanding – amongst other concessions – that Finland cede substantial border territories in exchange for land elsewhere, claiming security reasons, primarily the protection of Leningrad, which was only 40 km from the Finnish border. Finland refused and the Soviet Union invaded Finland. At this time the Soviet Union established a Communist puppet government for Finland, and intended to conquer all of Finland according to some sources. Other sources argue that there is no documentary evidence to support this and that there are arguments against the idea of a full Soviet conquest.The Soviets possessed more than three times as many soldiers as the Finns, thirty times as many aircraft, and a hundred times as many tanks. The Red Army, however, had been crippled by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin's Great Purge of 1937. With more than 30,000 of its officers executed or imprisoned, including most of those of the highest ranks, the Red Army in 1939 had many inexperienced senior and mid-level officers. Because of these factors, and high morale in the Finnish forces, Finland repelled Soviet attacks for several months, much longer than the Soviets expected.However, after reorganization and adoption of different tactics, the renewed Soviet offensive overcame Finnish defenses at the borders. Finland then agreed to cede the territory originally demanded by the Soviet Union; the Soviets, having lost far more troops than anticipated, accepted this offer.Hostilities ceased in March 1940 with the signing of the Moscow Peace Treaty. Finland ceded territory representing 11% of its land area and 30% of its economy to the Soviet Union. Soviet losses were heavy, and the country's international reputation suffered. While the Soviet Union did not conquer all Finland, Soviet gains somewhat exceeded their pre-war demands. They gained substantial territory along Lake Ladoga, providing a buffer for Leningrad, and territory in northern Finland. Finland retained its sovereignty and enhanced its international reputation.The end of the war cancelled the Franco-British plan to send troops to Finland through northern Scandinavia. One of the operation's major goals had been to take control of northern Sweden's iron ore and cut its deliveries to Germany. For this reason it was also a major factor in the launching of Operation Weserübung, Nazi Germany's invasion of Denmark and Norway.".
- Winter_War causalties "1,000 capturedref|After the War, the Soviet Union repatriated 847 Finns. Finnish and Russian researchers have estimated the total number of Finnish POWs at 800–1,100, and the number of deaths as 10–20. See: Finnish prisoners of war in the Soviet Union.|group="F"".
- Winter_War causalties "20–30 tanks".
- Winter_War causalties "25,904 dead or missing ref|Finnish detailed death casualties: Dead, buried 16,766; Wounded, died of wounds 3,089; Dead, not buried, later declared as dead 3,503; Missing, declared as dead 1,712; Died as a prisoner of war 20; Other reasons (diseases, accidents, suicides) 677; Unknown 137.|group="F"".
- Winter_War causalties "43,557 wounded".
- Winter_War causalties "62 aircraft".
- Winter_War causalties "70,000 total casualties".
- Winter_War causalties "957 civilians in air raids".
- Winter_War combatant "* Finnish Democratic Republic".
- Winter_War combatant "* Swedish Volunteer Corps".
- Winter_War combatant "Foreign volunteers".
- Winter_War commander Carl_Gustaf_Emil_Mannerheim.
- Winter_War commander Joseph_Stalin.
- Winter_War commander Kirill_Meretskov.
- Winter_War commander Kliment_Voroshilov.
- Winter_War commander Risto_Ryti.
- Winter_War commander Semyon_Timoshenko.
- Winter_War date "1939-11-30".
- Winter_War date "1940-03-13".
- Winter_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict World_War_II.
- Winter_War result "Moscow Peace Treaty".
- Winter_War strength "114 aircraftref|Situation for 1 December 1939. The Finns had 114 combat aeroplanes fit for duty and seven aeroplanes for communication and observation purposes. In addition, less than 100 aeroplanes were used for flight training purposes, not suitable for combat, or under repair. In total, the Finns had 173 aircraft and 43 reserve aircraft.|group="F"".
- Winter_War strength "2,514–6,541 tanksref|At the beginning of the war the Soviets had 2,514 tanks and 718 armoured cars. The main battlefield was the Karelian Isthmus where the Soviets deployed 1,450 tanks. At the end of the war the Soviets had 6,541 tanks and 1,691 armoured cars. The most common tank type was T-26, but also BT type was very common.|group="F"".
- Winter_War strength "3,880 aircraft".
- Winter_War strength "32 tanksref|From 1919 onwards, the Finns possessed 32 French Renault tanks and few lighter tanks. These were unsuitable for the war and they were subsequently used as fixed pillboxes. The Finns bought 32 British Vickers tanks during 1936–39, but without weapons. Weapons were intended to be manufactured and installed in Finland. Only 10 tanks were fit for combat at the beginning of the conflict.|group="F"".
- Winter_War strength "337,000–346,500 menref|At the beginning of the war, the Finns had 337,000 men. The Finnish army had only 250,028 rifles (total 281,594 firearms), but White Guards brought their own rifles (over 114,000 rifles, total 116,800 firearms) to the war. The Finnish army reached its maximum strength at the beginning of March 1940 with 346,000 men in uniform.|group="F"".
- Winter_War strength "425,640–760,578 menref|425,640 men on 30 November 1939 550,757 men on 1 January 1940 and 760,578 men by the beginning of March. 998,100 men 20 divisions one month before the war and 58 divisions two weeks before its end in Leningrad Military District. |group="F"".
- Winter_War strength "998,100 men (overall)".
- Winter_War territory Gulf_of_Finland.
- Winter_War territory Hanko.
- Winter_War territory Karelia.
- Winter_War territory Karelian_Isthmus.
- Winter_War territory Rybachy_Peninsula.
- Winter_War territory Salla.
- Winter_War thumbnail Winter_war.jpg?width=300.
- Winter_War wikiPageExternalLink www.frontmuseum.fi.
- Winter_War wikiPageExternalLink league1.html.
- Winter_War wikiPageExternalLink league2.html.
- Winter_War wikiPageExternalLink winter_war.
- Winter_War wikiPageExternalLink www.kevos4.com.
- Winter_War wikiPageExternalLink 52928.
- Winter_War wikiPageExternalLink talvisota_eng.
- Winter_War wikiPageExternalLink www.winterwar.com.
- Winter_War wikiPageID "33924".
- Winter_War wikiPageRevisionID "606369286".
- Winter_War caption "A Finnish machine gun crew during the Winter War".
- Winter_War casualties "1000".
- Winter_War casualties "188671".
- Winter_War casualties "1990.0".
- Winter_War casualties "20".
- Winter_War casualties "25904".
- Winter_War casualties "261".
- Winter_War casualties "323000".
- Winter_War casualties "3543".
- Winter_War casualties "43557".
- Winter_War casualties "5572".
- Winter_War casualties "62".
- Winter_War casualties "70000".
- Winter_War casualties "957".
- Winter_War colwidth "60".
- Winter_War combatant "* Finnish Democratic Republic".
- Winter_War combatant "* Swedish Volunteer Corps Foreign volunteers".
- Winter_War commander "--12-09".
- Winter_War commander "Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim".
- Winter_War commander "Joseph Stalin".
- Winter_War commander "Kirill Meretskov".
- Winter_War commander "Kliment Voroshilov".
- Winter_War commander "Risto Ryti".
- Winter_War conflict "Winter War".
- Winter_War date "--11-30".
- Winter_War group "F".
- Winter_War hasPhotoCollection Winter_War.
- Winter_War partof World_War_II.
- Winter_War place "Eastern Finland".
- Winter_War result Moscow_Peace_Treaty.
- Winter_War strength "--11-30".
- Winter_War strength "--12-01".
- Winter_War strength "32".
- Winter_War strength "337000".
- Winter_War strength "3880".
- Winter_War strength "998100".
- Winter_War territory "Cession of the Gulf of Finland islands, Karelian Isthmus, Ladoga Karelia, Salla, and Rybachy Peninsula, and rental of Hanko to the Soviet Union".
- Winter_War wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
- Winter_War subject Category:1939_in_Finland.
- Winter_War subject Category:1939_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Winter_War subject Category:1940_in_Finland.
- Winter_War subject Category:1940_in_the_Soviet_Union.
- Winter_War subject Category:Barents_Sea.
- Winter_War subject Category:Concurrent_wars_to_World_War_II.
- Winter_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1939.
- Winter_War subject Category:Conflicts_in_1940.
- Winter_War subject Category:Eastern_European_theatre_of_World_War_II.
- Winter_War subject Category:Karelian_Isthmus.
- Winter_War subject Category:League_of_Nations.
- Winter_War subject Category:Occupation_of_the_Baltic_states.
- Winter_War subject Category:Sweden_in_World_War_II.
- Winter_War subject Category:Wars_involving_Finland.
- Winter_War subject Category:Wars_involving_the_Soviet_Union.
- Winter_War subject Category:Winter_War.
- Winter_War type Abstraction100002137.