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- catalog alternative "Mentalité primitive. English".
- catalog contributor b1415104.
- catalog contributor b1415105.
- catalog contributor b1415106.
- catalog coverage "England London.".
- catalog created "1923.".
- catalog date "1923".
- catalog date "1923.".
- catalog dateCopyrighted "1923.".
- catalog description "Chapter I. The primitive's indifference to secondary causes : I. Primitive mentality attributes everything that happens to mystic and occult agencies -- II. Disease and death are never "natural" ; Examples drawn from Australia, and from South, Central, West, and East Africa -- III. There is no such thing as accident ; A misfortune is never a matter of chance -- IV. How such a mind accounts for the crimes of the witch-crocodiles -- V. How it explains everything unusual".
- catalog description "Chapter II. Mystic and invisible forces : I. Distinguishing characteristics of the primitive's world ; His direct experience, in one sense, richer than our own ; The visible world and the other world form but one -- II. The part played by the witchcraft of sorcerers, spirits, and the souls of the dead -- III. The man who has just died a source of danger to the living -- IV. Rites, ceremonies, punitive expeditions undertaken to placate him: the Zulus' amatongo ; Exchange of kindly offices between the living and the dead -- V. Constant activity of the dead among the Bantus ; Their demands ; The prayers addressed to them -- VI. To the primitive mind casualty is entirely mystic and direct ; Neither time nor space is a homogenous representation to it".
- catalog description "Chapter III. Dreams : I. How the primitive mind acquires the data which concern it : The special value of the dream ; The soul's experience during sleep ; That which is seen in the dream is real, even if it contradicts previous information -- II. A man is responsible for what he has seen himself do, or what another has seen him do in a dream ; The "multi-presence" of the soul -- III. The Bantus' faith in dreams ; Conversions due to dreams -- IV. Respect for dreams shown by the Indians of New France ; Necessity for obeying them ; The dream and the personal totem".
- catalog description "Chapter IV. Omens : I. Preliminary remarks : 1. Omens and the representation of time ; 2. Omens and the representation of causes -- II. The Borneo system of omens ; They not only announce events, they also cause them ; The cult of bird omens -- III. Hose and MacDougall's hypothesis not well founded ; Methods of obtaining the desired omens -- IV. Omens are also causes ; How they finally become nothing but signs".
- catalog description "Chapter IX. The mystic meaning of accidents and misfortunes : I. Misfortunes following upon a violation of taboo ; Need of expiation -- II. Preconnections between these violations and their consequences. These reveal involuntary errors ; Intention is not a necessary element of error. III. "Bad death," a revelation of the anger of the invisible forces : The treatment of people struck by lightning. IV. Those in danger of "Bad death" abandoned, and (if they escape it) excommunicated ; Mystic reasons for this abandonment -- V. In the Fiji islands, shipwrecked people are obliged to be killed and eaten ; The New Zealander's taua and muru ; The prisoner's mystic loss of status ; Res est sacra miser -- VI. Apparent indifference to the sick whose state is serious ; People dare no longer nurse or care for them ; They are the object of the anger of the unseen powers (Tahiti) ; The New Zealanders' beliefs and customs with regard to this".
- catalog description "Chapter V. Omens (continued) : I. How to guard against unfavorable omens ; Various ways of preventing their being seen or heard ; Of transforming them into favorable auguries ; Of destroying the animal that produces them -- II. The monstra and portent: animals which "transgress" ; Children who cut their upper teeth first, or who manifest other peculiarities -- III. These "harbingers of woe" treated like jettatori and sorcerers ; Close connection between personal peculiarities, the evil eye, and the malign principle dwelling in the sorcerer".
- catalog description "Chapter VI: the practices of divination : I. Request for revelations if these do not occur spontaneously ; Dreams brought about with a view to obtaining the desired result (New France) ; Advice, help, and decision sought in dreams. II. Various forms of direct interrogation of the dead (Australia, New Guinea, West Africa) ; III. Divination by means of the dead man's skull and bones (Melanesia) ; Consulting the dead, by divination, before undertaking any enterprise (Central Africa)".
- catalog description "Chapter VII. The practices of divination (continued) : I. Divination from the entrails and liver of animals : Practices obtaining in Ruanda ; The knuckle-bones in South Africa. II. Divination by alternative (German) New Guinea) : Mystical meaning of the operation ; Future events regarded as present ones. III. Divination in order to discover a thief, by his name, by a direction in space : Relation of the social group to the soil ; Other forms of divination ; Clairvoyance".
- catalog description "Chapter VIII. Ordeals : I. The primitives' firm faith in the ordeal : It is a mystic test. II. The ordeal processes of divination, used to settle legal disputes ; III. Ordeal by proxy : Cases in which these are allowed or refused ; Mystic influence of the ordeal upon the sorcerer's power for evil, sometimes unknown to him ; The post-mortem search for its source -- IV. Accounts of witchcraft and cannibalism ; Witchcraft and the evil eye -- V. Ordeals in Australia : Their object is not to discover the guilty, but they are propitiatory rites and ceremonies ; Similar cases in Central and Ease Africa".
- catalog description "Chapter X. The mystic meaning of the causes of success : I. Nothing can succeed without charms or "medicine" ; Agrarian magic ; Games and legend-recitals at a certain time of year: their mystic influence ; II. Work in the fields and gardens reserved chiefly for women ; Theory of fertility and participation ; III. Mystic virtue exercised by the person of the chief ; IV. Mystic conditions of success in warfare ; Surprise attacks at dawn ; Why they are never followed up ; V. Magic preparation of weapons ; Poisoned arrows ; What the efficacy of snares, tools, and implements is due to ; Experience shows whether they are lucky or unlucky ; Objects endowed with special properties ; VI. The effectual power of desire ; Thought has the same effect as action ; Covetousness acts like the jettatura".
- catalog description "Chapter XI. The mystic meaning of the white man's appearance and of the things he brings with him : I. The primitive's reaction at his first encounter with the white man ; He regards the world as closed ; White people are spirits or ghosts ; Fear caused by their appearance ; The first missionaries taken for wizards ; II. Fire-arms: it is the report which kills ; The primitive at first fires without taking aim ; III. Books and writing: books are the instruments of divination ; Learning to read is equivalent to conversion ; Writing is a magical process ; IV. The white man's "medicine" ; His cloth is made at the bottom of the sea ; Effect produced on primitive at the sight of a watch, mariner's compass, photographic apparatus ; Their first experience of boiling water, iron, etc ; Mystic cause of the white man's superiority".
- catalog description "Chapter XII. The primitive's dislike of the unknown : I. The results of prolonged association with white people ; The primitive's mistrust of food offered by strangers ; II. Reluctance to abandon old customs in favour of new ones ; Fear of giving offence to ancestors and spirits by accepting changes ; The innovator suspected of witchcraft ; Conformity a matter of obligation ; Individual conversion to Christianity almost an impossibility ; III. The judgement of values is always individual and concrete: primitives have very little idea of abstraction ; IV. How they adapt themselves to new processes or implements when they make use of them".
- catalog description "Chapter XIII. The primitive's attitude to European remedies : I. The apparent ingratitude of primitives for the ministrations of white doctors: they want to be paid for accepting them ; II. The effect of remedies must be an immediate one, and the cure instantaneous, or at least rapid: the primitives' dislike of staying in hospital, or with white people ; III. A similar lack of gratitude for other services rendered by whites: apparently inexplicable demands for indemnity: why primitives believe themselves justified in making them".
- catalog description "Introduction : I. The primitive's distaste for the discursive operations of thought ; His ideas restricted to a small number of objects ; His lack of reflection -- II. This not due to inherent incapacity or natural inaptitude: working hypothesis taken from Fonctions Mentales".
- catalog description "XIV. Conclusion : I. Primitive mentality being essentially mystic, is difficult to understand and to express in languages that are conceptual ; II. How the primitive imagines casuality: his ideas about conception and pregnancy, for instance ; III. Primitives both practical and competent in certain cases: their ingenuity and skill: how they express themselves without making use of processes which are really intellectual.".
- catalog extent "458 p. ;".
- catalog hasFormat "Primitive mentality.".
- catalog isFormatOf "Primitive mentality.".
- catalog issued "1923".
- catalog issued "1923.".
- catalog language "eng fre".
- catalog language "eng".
- catalog publisher "London : George Allen & Unwin ; New York : Macmillan,".
- catalog relation "Primitive mentality.".
- catalog spatial "England London.".
- catalog subject "BF 731 L668m 1923".
- catalog subject "Ethnopsychology.".
- catalog subject "GN451 .L55".
- catalog subject "Primitive societies.".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter I. The primitive's indifference to secondary causes : I. Primitive mentality attributes everything that happens to mystic and occult agencies -- II. Disease and death are never "natural" ; Examples drawn from Australia, and from South, Central, West, and East Africa -- III. There is no such thing as accident ; A misfortune is never a matter of chance -- IV. How such a mind accounts for the crimes of the witch-crocodiles -- V. How it explains everything unusual".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter II. Mystic and invisible forces : I. Distinguishing characteristics of the primitive's world ; His direct experience, in one sense, richer than our own ; The visible world and the other world form but one -- II. The part played by the witchcraft of sorcerers, spirits, and the souls of the dead -- III. The man who has just died a source of danger to the living -- IV. Rites, ceremonies, punitive expeditions undertaken to placate him: the Zulus' amatongo ; Exchange of kindly offices between the living and the dead -- V. Constant activity of the dead among the Bantus ; Their demands ; The prayers addressed to them -- VI. To the primitive mind casualty is entirely mystic and direct ; Neither time nor space is a homogenous representation to it".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter III. Dreams : I. How the primitive mind acquires the data which concern it : The special value of the dream ; The soul's experience during sleep ; That which is seen in the dream is real, even if it contradicts previous information -- II. A man is responsible for what he has seen himself do, or what another has seen him do in a dream ; The "multi-presence" of the soul -- III. The Bantus' faith in dreams ; Conversions due to dreams -- IV. Respect for dreams shown by the Indians of New France ; Necessity for obeying them ; The dream and the personal totem".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter IV. Omens : I. Preliminary remarks : 1. Omens and the representation of time ; 2. Omens and the representation of causes -- II. The Borneo system of omens ; They not only announce events, they also cause them ; The cult of bird omens -- III. Hose and MacDougall's hypothesis not well founded ; Methods of obtaining the desired omens -- IV. Omens are also causes ; How they finally become nothing but signs".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter IX. The mystic meaning of accidents and misfortunes : I. Misfortunes following upon a violation of taboo ; Need of expiation -- II. Preconnections between these violations and their consequences. These reveal involuntary errors ; Intention is not a necessary element of error. III. "Bad death," a revelation of the anger of the invisible forces : The treatment of people struck by lightning. IV. Those in danger of "Bad death" abandoned, and (if they escape it) excommunicated ; Mystic reasons for this abandonment -- V. In the Fiji islands, shipwrecked people are obliged to be killed and eaten ; The New Zealander's taua and muru ; The prisoner's mystic loss of status ; Res est sacra miser -- VI. Apparent indifference to the sick whose state is serious ; People dare no longer nurse or care for them ; They are the object of the anger of the unseen powers (Tahiti) ; The New Zealanders' beliefs and customs with regard to this".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter V. Omens (continued) : I. How to guard against unfavorable omens ; Various ways of preventing their being seen or heard ; Of transforming them into favorable auguries ; Of destroying the animal that produces them -- II. The monstra and portent: animals which "transgress" ; Children who cut their upper teeth first, or who manifest other peculiarities -- III. These "harbingers of woe" treated like jettatori and sorcerers ; Close connection between personal peculiarities, the evil eye, and the malign principle dwelling in the sorcerer".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter VI: the practices of divination : I. Request for revelations if these do not occur spontaneously ; Dreams brought about with a view to obtaining the desired result (New France) ; Advice, help, and decision sought in dreams. II. Various forms of direct interrogation of the dead (Australia, New Guinea, West Africa) ; III. Divination by means of the dead man's skull and bones (Melanesia) ; Consulting the dead, by divination, before undertaking any enterprise (Central Africa)".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter VII. The practices of divination (continued) : I. Divination from the entrails and liver of animals : Practices obtaining in Ruanda ; The knuckle-bones in South Africa. II. Divination by alternative (German) New Guinea) : Mystical meaning of the operation ; Future events regarded as present ones. III. Divination in order to discover a thief, by his name, by a direction in space : Relation of the social group to the soil ; Other forms of divination ; Clairvoyance".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter VIII. Ordeals : I. The primitives' firm faith in the ordeal : It is a mystic test. II. The ordeal processes of divination, used to settle legal disputes ; III. Ordeal by proxy : Cases in which these are allowed or refused ; Mystic influence of the ordeal upon the sorcerer's power for evil, sometimes unknown to him ; The post-mortem search for its source -- IV. Accounts of witchcraft and cannibalism ; Witchcraft and the evil eye -- V. Ordeals in Australia : Their object is not to discover the guilty, but they are propitiatory rites and ceremonies ; Similar cases in Central and Ease Africa".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter X. The mystic meaning of the causes of success : I. Nothing can succeed without charms or "medicine" ; Agrarian magic ; Games and legend-recitals at a certain time of year: their mystic influence ; II. Work in the fields and gardens reserved chiefly for women ; Theory of fertility and participation ; III. Mystic virtue exercised by the person of the chief ; IV. Mystic conditions of success in warfare ; Surprise attacks at dawn ; Why they are never followed up ; V. Magic preparation of weapons ; Poisoned arrows ; What the efficacy of snares, tools, and implements is due to ; Experience shows whether they are lucky or unlucky ; Objects endowed with special properties ; VI. The effectual power of desire ; Thought has the same effect as action ; Covetousness acts like the jettatura".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter XI. The mystic meaning of the white man's appearance and of the things he brings with him : I. The primitive's reaction at his first encounter with the white man ; He regards the world as closed ; White people are spirits or ghosts ; Fear caused by their appearance ; The first missionaries taken for wizards ; II. Fire-arms: it is the report which kills ; The primitive at first fires without taking aim ; III. Books and writing: books are the instruments of divination ; Learning to read is equivalent to conversion ; Writing is a magical process ; IV. The white man's "medicine" ; His cloth is made at the bottom of the sea ; Effect produced on primitive at the sight of a watch, mariner's compass, photographic apparatus ; Their first experience of boiling water, iron, etc ; Mystic cause of the white man's superiority".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter XII. The primitive's dislike of the unknown : I. The results of prolonged association with white people ; The primitive's mistrust of food offered by strangers ; II. Reluctance to abandon old customs in favour of new ones ; Fear of giving offence to ancestors and spirits by accepting changes ; The innovator suspected of witchcraft ; Conformity a matter of obligation ; Individual conversion to Christianity almost an impossibility ; III. The judgement of values is always individual and concrete: primitives have very little idea of abstraction ; IV. How they adapt themselves to new processes or implements when they make use of them".
- catalog tableOfContents "Chapter XIII. The primitive's attitude to European remedies : I. The apparent ingratitude of primitives for the ministrations of white doctors: they want to be paid for accepting them ; II. The effect of remedies must be an immediate one, and the cure instantaneous, or at least rapid: the primitives' dislike of staying in hospital, or with white people ; III. A similar lack of gratitude for other services rendered by whites: apparently inexplicable demands for indemnity: why primitives believe themselves justified in making them".
- catalog tableOfContents "Introduction : I. The primitive's distaste for the discursive operations of thought ; His ideas restricted to a small number of objects ; His lack of reflection -- II. This not due to inherent incapacity or natural inaptitude: working hypothesis taken from Fonctions Mentales".
- catalog tableOfContents "XIV. Conclusion : I. Primitive mentality being essentially mystic, is difficult to understand and to express in languages that are conceptual ; II. How the primitive imagines casuality: his ideas about conception and pregnancy, for instance ; III. Primitives both practical and competent in certain cases: their ingenuity and skill: how they express themselves without making use of processes which are really intellectual.".
- catalog title "Mentalité primitive. English".
- catalog title "Primitive mentality / by Lucien Lévy-Bruhl ; authorized translation by Lilian A. Clare.".
- catalog type "Annotations (Provenance). rbprov hou".
- catalog type "text".