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- 2010034742 contributor B11778321.
- 2010034742 created "c2012.".
- 2010034742 date "2012".
- 2010034742 date "c2012.".
- 2010034742 dateCopyrighted "c2012.".
- 2010034742 description "Machine generated contents note: Chapter 1 - Electron Density. -- Part 1:Electrons, Orbitals, and Bonds. -- 1.1 Quantum Mechanics. -- 1.2 Atomic Orbitals. -- 1.2.a What are Atomic Orbitals? -- 1.2.b Phases of Atomic Orbitals. -- 1.2.c Filling Atomic Orbitals with Electrons. -- 1.3 Covalent Bonds: The Sharing of Electrons. -- 1.4 Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Atomic Orbitals. -- 1.5 MO Theory. -- 1.6 Sigma Bonds. -- 1.7 Pi Bonds. -- 1.7a Double Bonds. -- 1.7b Triple Bonds. -- Part 2: Drawing and Interpreting Molecular Representations. -- 1.8 Molecular Representations. -- 1.9 Bond-Line Drawings. -- 1.9a How to Read Bond-Line Drawings. -- 1.9b How to draw Bond-Line Drawings. -- 1.9c Mistakes to avoid: -- 1.10 Identifying Formal Charges. -- 1.11 Identifying Lone Pairs that are not Drawn. -- Part 3: Drawing Resonance Structures. -- 1.12 What is Resonance? -- 1.13 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures. -- 1.14 Drawing Formal Charges in Resonance Structures. -- 1.15 Drawing Resonance Structures - By Recognizing Patterns. -- 1.16 Assessing Relative Importance of Resonance Structures. -- Chapter 2 - Nucleophiles, Electrophiles, Acids and Bases. -- Part 1: Nucleophiles and Electrophiles. -- 2.1 Induction and Polar Covalent Bonds. -- 2.2 Identifying Electrophilic Centers. -- 2.2.a Unfilled Octets. -- 2.2.b Induction. -- 2.2.c Resonance. -- 2.3 Identifying Nucleophilic Centers. -- 2.3.a Lone Pairs and Pi bonds. -- 2.3.b Induction. -- 2.3.c Resonance. -- Part 2: Acids and Bases. -- 2.4 Curved Arrow Notation: The flow of electron density. -- 2.5 Brønsted-Lowry Acidity: A Quantitative Perspective. -- 2.5.a Using pKa values to Compare Acidity. -- 2.5.b Using pKa values to Compare Basicity. -- 2.5.c Using pKa values to Predict the Position of Equilibrium. -- 2.6 Brønsted-Lowry Acidity: A Qualitative Perspective. -- 2.6.a Factor #1 - What atom is the charge on? -- 2.6.b Factor #2 - Resonance. -- 2.6.c Factor #3 - Induction. -- 2.6.d Factor #4 - Orbitals. -- 2.6.e Ranking the Four Factors. -- 2.7 Position of Equilibrium and Choosing Suitable Reagents. -- 2.8 Choice of Solvent. -- 2.9 Counter-Stabilizing Cations. -- 2.10 Lewis Acids and Bases. -- 2.1 Nucleophilicity vs. Basicity. -- Chapter 3 - Nomenclature and Molecular Constitution. -- Part 1: Nomenclature. -- 3.1 Identifying the Functional Group. -- 3.2 Identifying Unsaturation. -- 3.3 Selecting the Parent. -- 3.4 Naming Substituents. -- 3.5 Stereoisomerism. -- 3.6 Numbering the Parent Chain. -- 3.7 Assembling a complete name. -- 3.8 Extra Practice with Alkanes. -- 3.9 Naming Bicyclic Compounds. -- 3.10 Common Names accepted by IUPAC. -- 3.11 Pharmaceuticals. -- 3.12 Degree of Substitution. -- Part 2: Molecular Constitution. -- 3.13 Constitutional Isomerism. -- 3.14 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (HDI) - Degree of Unsaturation. -- 3.15 Relative Stability of Isomeric Alkanes. -- 3.16 Sources and Uses of Alkanes. -- Chapter 4 - Molecular Structure and Properties. -- Part 1: Molecular Geometry and Molecular Properties. -- 4.1 Predicting Geometry: VSEPR Theory. -- 4.1a Geometries resulting from sp3 hybridization. -- 4.1b Geometries resulting from sp2 hybridization. -- 4.1c Geometry resulting from sp hybridization. -- 4.2 Effect of Resonance on Geometry. -- 4.3 Three-Dimensional Representations. -- 4.4 Molecular Polarity. -- 4.5 Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties. -- 4.5a Dipole-Dipole Interactions. -- 4.5b Hydrogen-Bonding. -- 4.5c Fleeting Dipole-Dipole Interactions. -- 4.6 Solubility. -- Part 2: Conformational Analysis of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. -- 4.7 Newman Projections. -- 4.8 Conformational Analysis of Ethane and Propane. -- 4.9 Conformational Analysis of Butane. -- 4.10 Cycloalkanes. -- 4.10a Cyclopropane. -- 4.10b Cylcobutane. -- 4.10c Cyclopentane. -- 4.11 Conformations of Cyclohexane. -- 4.12 Drawing Chair Conformations. -- 4.12a Drawing the skeleton of a Chair Conformation. -- 4.12b Drawing Axial and Equatorial Substituents. -- 4.13 Monosubstituted Cyclohxanes. -- 4.13a Drawing both Chair Conformations. -- 4.13b Comparing the Stability of both Chair Conformations. -- 4.14 Disubstituted Cyclohexanes. -- 4.14a Drawing both Chair Conformations. -- 4.14b Comparing Stability of both Chair Conformations. -- 4.15 Cis-trans Stereoisomerism. -- 4.16 Polycyclic Systems. -- Chapter 5 - Stereoisomerism. -- 5.1 Designating Configuration Using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System. -- 5.2 Designating Configuration Using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System. -- 5.2a Assigning priorities to all four groups. -- 5.2b Rotating the molecule so that the fourth priority is on a dash. -- 5.2c The E-Z system. -- 5.3 Biological Significance of Chirality. -- 5.4 Optical Activity. -- 5.4a Plane polarized light. -- 5.4b Polarimetry. -- 5.4c Source of optical activity. -- 5.4d Specific Rotation. -- 5.4e Enantiomeric Excess. -- 5.5 Stereoisomeric Relationships: Enantiomers and Diasteromers. -- 5.6 Symmetry and Chirality. -- 5.6a Rotational Symmetry. -- 5.6b Reflectional Symmetry. -- 5.6c Chirality is Dependent on the Absence of Reflectional Symmetry. -- 5.6d Meso Compounds. -- 5.7 Conformationally mobile systems. -- 5.8 Fischer Projections. -- 5.9 Resolution of Enantiomers. -- 5.9a Resolution via Crystallization. -- 5.9b Chiral Resolving agents. -- 5.9c Chiral Column Chromatography. -- 5.10 Application: Chiral Drugs. -- Chapter 6 - Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms. -- 6.1 Enthalpy. -- 6.2 Entropy. -- 6.3 Gibbs Free Energy. -- 6.4 Equilibria. -- 6.5 Kinetics. -- 6.5a Rate Equations. -- 6.5b Factors Affecting the Rate constant. -- 6.5c Catalysts and Enzymes. -- 6.6 Reading Energy Diagrams. -- 6.6a Thermodynamics vs. kinetics. -- 6.6b Transition States vs. Intermediates. -- 6.6c The Hammond Postulate. -- 6.7 Mechanisms and Curved Arrows: Electron Transfer Steps. -- 6.7a Nucleophilic Attack. -- 6.7b Loss of a Leaving group. -- 6.7c Proton Transfers. -- 6.7d Rearrangements. -- 6.8 Combining the Fundamental Electron Transfer Steps. -- 6.9 Drawing Curved Arrows. -- 6.10 Carbocation Rearrangements. -- Chapter 7 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions. -- Part 1: Substitution reactions. -- Properties of Alkyl Halides. -- SN1 Mechanism vs. SN2 Mechanism. -- Determining the Effect of the Electrophile (Substrate). -- Determining the Effect of the Nucleophile. -- Determining the Effect of the Leaving Group. -- Determining the Effect of the Solvent. -- Predicting which Mechanism will Predominate. -- Predicting Products and Proposing Mechanisms. -- Part 2: Elimination Reactions. -- E1 vs. E2 Mechanisms. -- Identifying the Key Differences between the E1 and E2 Mechanisms. -- Predicting the Regiochemistry of an E1 or E2 Reaction. -- Predicting the Stereochemistry of an E1 or E2 Reaction. -- Determining the Effect of the Electrophile (Substrate). -- Determining the Effect of the Base. -- Predicting which Mecha".
- 2010034742 extent "xxiii, 1295, [38] p. :".
- 2010034742 identifier "0471756148 (hardback)".
- 2010034742 identifier "9780471756149 (hardback)".
- 2010034742 issued "2012".
- 2010034742 issued "c2012.".
- 2010034742 language "eng".
- 2010034742 publisher "Hoboken, N.J. : John Wiley,".
- 2010034742 subject "547 22".
- 2010034742 subject "Chemistry, Organic Textbooks.".
- 2010034742 subject "QD253.2 .K55 2012".
- 2010034742 tableOfContents "Machine generated contents note: Chapter 1 - Electron Density. -- Part 1:Electrons, Orbitals, and Bonds. -- 1.1 Quantum Mechanics. -- 1.2 Atomic Orbitals. -- 1.2.a What are Atomic Orbitals? -- 1.2.b Phases of Atomic Orbitals. -- 1.2.c Filling Atomic Orbitals with Electrons. -- 1.3 Covalent Bonds: The Sharing of Electrons. -- 1.4 Valence Bond Theory and Hybridized Atomic Orbitals. -- 1.5 MO Theory. -- 1.6 Sigma Bonds. -- 1.7 Pi Bonds. -- 1.7a Double Bonds. -- 1.7b Triple Bonds. -- Part 2: Drawing and Interpreting Molecular Representations. -- 1.8 Molecular Representations. -- 1.9 Bond-Line Drawings. -- 1.9a How to Read Bond-Line Drawings. -- 1.9b How to draw Bond-Line Drawings. -- 1.9c Mistakes to avoid: -- 1.10 Identifying Formal Charges. -- 1.11 Identifying Lone Pairs that are not Drawn. -- Part 3: Drawing Resonance Structures. -- 1.12 What is Resonance? -- 1.13 Curved Arrows: The Tools for Drawing Resonance Structures. -- 1.14 Drawing Formal Charges in Resonance Structures. -- 1.15 Drawing Resonance Structures - By Recognizing Patterns. -- 1.16 Assessing Relative Importance of Resonance Structures. -- Chapter 2 - Nucleophiles, Electrophiles, Acids and Bases. -- Part 1: Nucleophiles and Electrophiles. -- 2.1 Induction and Polar Covalent Bonds. -- 2.2 Identifying Electrophilic Centers. -- 2.2.a Unfilled Octets. -- 2.2.b Induction. -- 2.2.c Resonance. -- 2.3 Identifying Nucleophilic Centers. -- 2.3.a Lone Pairs and Pi bonds. -- 2.3.b Induction. -- 2.3.c Resonance. -- Part 2: Acids and Bases. -- 2.4 Curved Arrow Notation: The flow of electron density. -- 2.5 Brønsted-Lowry Acidity: A Quantitative Perspective. -- 2.5.a Using pKa values to Compare Acidity. -- 2.5.b Using pKa values to Compare Basicity. -- 2.5.c Using pKa values to Predict the Position of Equilibrium. -- 2.6 Brønsted-Lowry Acidity: A Qualitative Perspective. -- 2.6.a Factor #1 - What atom is the charge on? -- 2.6.b Factor #2 - Resonance. -- 2.6.c Factor #3 - Induction. -- 2.6.d Factor #4 - Orbitals. -- 2.6.e Ranking the Four Factors. -- 2.7 Position of Equilibrium and Choosing Suitable Reagents. -- 2.8 Choice of Solvent. -- 2.9 Counter-Stabilizing Cations. -- 2.10 Lewis Acids and Bases. -- 2.1 Nucleophilicity vs. Basicity. -- Chapter 3 - Nomenclature and Molecular Constitution. -- Part 1: Nomenclature. -- 3.1 Identifying the Functional Group. -- 3.2 Identifying Unsaturation. -- 3.3 Selecting the Parent. -- 3.4 Naming Substituents. -- 3.5 Stereoisomerism. -- 3.6 Numbering the Parent Chain. -- 3.7 Assembling a complete name. -- 3.8 Extra Practice with Alkanes. -- 3.9 Naming Bicyclic Compounds. -- 3.10 Common Names accepted by IUPAC. -- 3.11 Pharmaceuticals. -- 3.12 Degree of Substitution. -- Part 2: Molecular Constitution. -- 3.13 Constitutional Isomerism. -- 3.14 Hydrogen Deficiency Index (HDI) - Degree of Unsaturation. -- 3.15 Relative Stability of Isomeric Alkanes. -- 3.16 Sources and Uses of Alkanes. -- Chapter 4 - Molecular Structure and Properties. -- Part 1: Molecular Geometry and Molecular Properties. -- 4.1 Predicting Geometry: VSEPR Theory. -- 4.1a Geometries resulting from sp3 hybridization. -- 4.1b Geometries resulting from sp2 hybridization. -- 4.1c Geometry resulting from sp hybridization. -- 4.2 Effect of Resonance on Geometry. -- 4.3 Three-Dimensional Representations. -- 4.4 Molecular Polarity. -- 4.5 Intermolecular Forces and Physical Properties. -- 4.5a Dipole-Dipole Interactions. -- 4.5b Hydrogen-Bonding. -- 4.5c Fleeting Dipole-Dipole Interactions. -- 4.6 Solubility. -- Part 2: Conformational Analysis of Alkanes and Cycloalkanes. -- 4.7 Newman Projections. -- 4.8 Conformational Analysis of Ethane and Propane. -- 4.9 Conformational Analysis of Butane. -- 4.10 Cycloalkanes. -- 4.10a Cyclopropane. -- 4.10b Cylcobutane. -- 4.10c Cyclopentane. -- 4.11 Conformations of Cyclohexane. -- 4.12 Drawing Chair Conformations. -- 4.12a Drawing the skeleton of a Chair Conformation. -- 4.12b Drawing Axial and Equatorial Substituents. -- 4.13 Monosubstituted Cyclohxanes. -- 4.13a Drawing both Chair Conformations. -- 4.13b Comparing the Stability of both Chair Conformations. -- 4.14 Disubstituted Cyclohexanes. -- 4.14a Drawing both Chair Conformations. -- 4.14b Comparing Stability of both Chair Conformations. -- 4.15 Cis-trans Stereoisomerism. -- 4.16 Polycyclic Systems. -- Chapter 5 - Stereoisomerism. -- 5.1 Designating Configuration Using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System. -- 5.2 Designating Configuration Using the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog System. -- 5.2a Assigning priorities to all four groups. -- 5.2b Rotating the molecule so that the fourth priority is on a dash. -- 5.2c The E-Z system. -- 5.3 Biological Significance of Chirality. -- 5.4 Optical Activity. -- 5.4a Plane polarized light. -- 5.4b Polarimetry. -- 5.4c Source of optical activity. -- 5.4d Specific Rotation. -- 5.4e Enantiomeric Excess. -- 5.5 Stereoisomeric Relationships: Enantiomers and Diasteromers. -- 5.6 Symmetry and Chirality. -- 5.6a Rotational Symmetry. -- 5.6b Reflectional Symmetry. -- 5.6c Chirality is Dependent on the Absence of Reflectional Symmetry. -- 5.6d Meso Compounds. -- 5.7 Conformationally mobile systems. -- 5.8 Fischer Projections. -- 5.9 Resolution of Enantiomers. -- 5.9a Resolution via Crystallization. -- 5.9b Chiral Resolving agents. -- 5.9c Chiral Column Chromatography. -- 5.10 Application: Chiral Drugs. -- Chapter 6 - Chemical Reactivity and Mechanisms. -- 6.1 Enthalpy. -- 6.2 Entropy. -- 6.3 Gibbs Free Energy. -- 6.4 Equilibria. -- 6.5 Kinetics. -- 6.5a Rate Equations. -- 6.5b Factors Affecting the Rate constant. -- 6.5c Catalysts and Enzymes. -- 6.6 Reading Energy Diagrams. -- 6.6a Thermodynamics vs. kinetics. -- 6.6b Transition States vs. Intermediates. -- 6.6c The Hammond Postulate. -- 6.7 Mechanisms and Curved Arrows: Electron Transfer Steps. -- 6.7a Nucleophilic Attack. -- 6.7b Loss of a Leaving group. -- 6.7c Proton Transfers. -- 6.7d Rearrangements. -- 6.8 Combining the Fundamental Electron Transfer Steps. -- 6.9 Drawing Curved Arrows. -- 6.10 Carbocation Rearrangements. -- Chapter 7 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions. -- Part 1: Substitution reactions. -- Properties of Alkyl Halides. -- SN1 Mechanism vs. SN2 Mechanism. -- Determining the Effect of the Electrophile (Substrate). -- Determining the Effect of the Nucleophile. -- Determining the Effect of the Leaving Group. -- Determining the Effect of the Solvent. -- Predicting which Mechanism will Predominate. -- Predicting Products and Proposing Mechanisms. -- Part 2: Elimination Reactions. -- E1 vs. E2 Mechanisms. -- Identifying the Key Differences between the E1 and E2 Mechanisms. -- Predicting the Regiochemistry of an E1 or E2 Reaction. -- Predicting the Stereochemistry of an E1 or E2 Reaction. -- Determining the Effect of the Electrophile (Substrate). -- Determining the Effect of the Base. -- Predicting which Mecha".
- 2010034742 title "Organic chemistry / David Klein.".
- 2010034742 type "text".