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- aggregation classification "C3".
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- aggregation date "2010".
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- aggregation language "eng".
- aggregation publisher "American Anthropological Association".
- aggregation rights "I have retained and own the full copyright for this publication".
- aggregation subject "Social Sciences".
- aggregation title "Intensive mothering and transnational adoption. A feminist anthropological appraisal".
- aggregation abstract "Current societal dominant ideologies on child rearing practices are increasingly informed by ideas on ‘intensive parenting’ (Hays) and prioritizing the ‘child’s best interests’. Yet historical, anthropological and feminist research has critically revealed the particularity of these kinship and rearing conceptions that naturalize and universalize the western middle class heterosexual ‘biological’ family. This paper explores the dynamics of gender in relation to class, race and ethnicity in intensive parenting discourses and practices in the context of transnational adoption, based on ethnographic research within Belgian-Ethiopian adoption circles. It aims to develop a feminist anthropological critique of transnational adoption, one that acclaims its ‘transformative potential’ of kinship relations, yet also critically attends to the way that intensive parenting among transnational adoptive parents may lead to a reinforcement of gender and race essentialisms within a context of profound global inequalities. Fieldwork results showed that intensive mothering is invoked to justify the transfer of poor children of the South to affluent Western families and the removal of the child from the ‘natural’ mother-child bond. Biocentric discourses problematize the non-biological adoptive family and construct the child as highly susceptible to identity crises and psychological dysfunction, leading to encourage adoptive mothers to become ‘semi-professional’ parents in order to anticipate these problems caused by the child’s uprootedness. It is argued that the entwining of child-centered, intensive parenting ideologies with biologizing tendencies that naturalize the mother-child bond and construct motherhood as central to female identity has contradictory outcomes for adoption practices, capable of either disrupting or reinforcing configurations of difference and inequality.".
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