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- aggregation classification "C3".
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- aggregation date "2012".
- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.bibtex.
- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.csv.
- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.dc.
- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.didl.
- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.doc.
- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.json.
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- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.txt.
- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.xls.
- aggregation hasFormat 3080729.yaml.
- aggregation language "eng".
- aggregation publisher "Belgian Society for Food Microbiology (BSFM)".
- aggregation subject "Biology and Life Sciences".
- aggregation title "Survival of norovirus, murine norovirus 1, MS2 phage and E. coli in various types of water used for irrigation of fresh produce".
- aggregation abstract "Introduction: Viral food borne outbreaks, in particular Norovirus, have been associated with the consumption of fresh produce (1). Crops can be contaminated pre-harvest via irrigation water, (manured) soil or wild life, or post-harvest via contact with infected food handlers, contaminated transport or washing water or equipment (2,3). The use of surrogate viruses can be used to model survival of Norovirus in the environment (4,5). Material and methods: The present study is focused on the survival and detection of NoV, Murine Norovirus 1 (MNV-1), MS2 phage and E. coli in different types of irrigation water (rain water, bore hole water, river water and open well water). These types of water were inoculated with human pathogenic NoV GI.3 and GII.4, surrogate viruses MNV-1 and MS2 and E. coli as the bacterial fecal indicator and stored at 10°C and 22°C. Monitoring of (non-cultivable) NoV was performed using real-time RT-qPCR, of (cultivable) MNV-1 by RT-qPCR and plaque assay (cell lines), of MS2 phage by plaque assay and E. coli by plating on Rapid’E. coli 2 (Bio-Rad). Results and Discussion: All inoculated microorganisms (E. coli, MS2, MNV-1 (plaques and RT-qPCR) and NoV) showed a significant faster reduction at 22°C than at 10°C in all different types of water. The type of water had an impact on survival and highest reductions were observed in river water (≥ 2 log after 7, 14, 28, 35 and ≥ 62 days respectively at 10°C) and in open well water (≥ 2 log after 7, 14, 21, 62 and > 35 days respectively at 10°C). As expected, RT-qPCR signals for MNV-1 (and NoV) were detected for a prolonged period time but does not necessarily relate to infectivity, for which plaque assay are needed. At 22°C MNV-1 could be detected up to 35 and 62 days by RT-qPCR unlike only up to 10 days by means of plaque assay in river water and open well water, respectively. The stability of the microorganisms depends on the temperature and the type of water. The longest survival was noted at (commonly encountered) low temperature (10°C) and bore hole water or rain water. In particular NoV and MNV-1 show highest stability when monitoring using RT-qPCR, although this lacks information on the infectivity of micro-organism thus detected.".
- aggregation authorList BK244742.
- aggregation isDescribedBy 3080729.
- aggregation similarTo LU-3080729.