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- aggregation classification "C3".
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- aggregation creator person.
- aggregation date "2013".
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- aggregation language "eng".
- aggregation subject "Social Sciences".
- aggregation title "Tweeting the elections? A cross-media perspective on Twitter use during the 2012 local elections in Flanders".
- aggregation abstract "Traditional mass media have long been the dominant medium for political communication. Within the last years, however, social media have entered the stage and are now perceived to support and facilitate more direct interaction between citizens and politicians. This way it is often argued that social media can function as a platform for political debate thus enabling a ‘new’ public sphere. Especially the micro-blogging platform Twitter seems to play a prominent role in political communication during election times (Bruns et al., 2011; Larsson & Moe, 2012). This paper makes use of a case study of the Flemish local elections in 2012 with the goal to provide insights in (1) the communication patterns between citizens, journalists and politicians and (2) the linkages between mass broadcasting and print media and Twitter. With the help of the Twitter Application Program Interface (API) we collected a corpus of 44.610 tweets using the most common hashtag of the local elections (#vk2012), between September 3th 2012 (the actual kick-off of the campaign) and October 21th, with the election day on October the 14th. The 44.610 Twitter messages correspond to 12.655 users who were participating in the debate on the local elections. Nonetheless this is a quite substantial number, it is by no means representative of the voting population as a whole. A longitudinal distribution of Twitter messages before, during and one week after the election day, the 14th of October, shows spikes correspond with offline events (e.g. election polls, lottery of the list numbers) which are covered by the media, possibility in the form of televised debates. Via the open source visualization software Gephi, we examined the interactions between the most prominent actors in the debate (Degree range: > 10). The network, constituted by ‘@replies’, contains 37 actors, of which seven are media actors, eight are politicians and 22 are identified as citizens. The network shows us the high-end receivers are mostly media organizations, individual journalists or politicians, whereas high-end senders are mostly citizens. Two additional particularities of Twitter are of specific interest to us: hyperlinks and hashtags. Hyperlinks are forms of cross-media connectivity and directly connect different communicative spaces, whereas hashtags create conversations around particular topics, which could include other media outlets. It seems URL’s most often refer to other social media, such as YouTube, Facebook and Twitter as well. Secondly, mass media outlets, and websites of quality newspapers in particular, are often referred to. Media references in the use of hashtags more often refer to television channels or particular programs rather than the press. The study takes into account multiple Twitter conventions, @replies, hyperlinks and hashtags to understand the characteristics of the Twitter election debate. In addition, we emphasize Twitter’s role within the broader media ecology in terms of its relation with mainstream media. More in-depth insights are possible when we take into account mass media content and include a timing aspect as well.".
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