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- Absolute_zero abstract "Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reaches its minimum value, taken as 0. The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as −273.15° on the Celsius scale (International System of Units), which equates to −459.67° on the Fahrenheit scale (English/United States customary units). The corresponding Kelvin and Rankine temperature scales set their zero points at absolute zero by definition. It is commonly thought of as the lowest temperature possible, but paradoxically it is not the lowest enthalpy state possible, because all real substances begin to depart from the ideal gas when cooled as they approach the change of state to liquid, and then to solid; and the sum of the enthalpy of vaporization (gas to liquid) and enthalpy of fusion (liquid to solid) exceeds the ideal gas's change in enthalpy to absolute zero. In the quantum-mechanical description, matter (solid) at absolute zero is in its ground state, the point of lowest internal energy. The laws of thermodynamics dictate that absolute zero cannot be reached using only thermodynamic means, as the temperature of the substance being cooled approaches the temperature of the cooling agent asymptotically. A system at absolute zero still possesses quantum mechanical zero-point energy, the energy of its ground state. The kinetic energy of the ground state cannot be removed. Scientists have achieved temperatures extremely close to absolute zero, where matter exhibits quantum effects such as superconductivity and superfluidity.".
- Absolute_zero thumbnail CelsiusKelvin.svg?width=300.
- Absolute_zero wikiPageExternalLink 012992.html.
- Absolute_zero wikiPageExternalLink zero.
- Absolute_zero wikiPageID "1418".
- Absolute_zero wikiPageRevisionID "604510193".
- Absolute_zero date "February 2014".
- Absolute_zero hasPhotoCollection Absolute_zero.
- Absolute_zero reason "What are "only theromdynamic means"?".
- Absolute_zero subject Category:Cold.
- Absolute_zero subject Category:Temperature.
- Absolute_zero comment "Absolute zero is the lower limit of the thermodynamic temperature scale, a state at which the enthalpy and entropy of a cooled ideal gas reaches its minimum value, taken as 0. The theoretical temperature is determined by extrapolating the ideal gas law; by international agreement, absolute zero is taken as −273.15° on the Celsius scale (International System of Units), which equates to −459.67° on the Fahrenheit scale (English/United States customary units).".
- Absolute_zero label "Absolute zero".
- Absolute_zero label "Absoluter Nullpunkt".
- Absolute_zero label "Absoluut nulpunt".
- Absolute_zero label "Cero absoluto".
- Absolute_zero label "Zero absoluto".
- Absolute_zero label "Zero assoluto".
- Absolute_zero label "Zero bezwzględne".
- Absolute_zero label "Zéro absolu".
- Absolute_zero label "Абсолютный нуль температуры".
- Absolute_zero label "صفر مطلق".
- Absolute_zero label "絶対零度".
- Absolute_zero label "绝对零度".
- Absolute_zero sameAs Absolutní_nula.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Absoluter_Nullpunkt.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Απόλυτο_μηδέν.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Cero_absoluto.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Zero_absolutu.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Zéro_absolu.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Nol_mutlak.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Zero_assoluto.
- Absolute_zero sameAs 絶対零度.
- Absolute_zero sameAs 절대_영도.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Absoluut_nulpunt.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Zero_bezwzględne.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Zero_absoluto.
- Absolute_zero sameAs m.0prh.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Q81182.
- Absolute_zero sameAs Q81182.
- Absolute_zero wasDerivedFrom Absolute_zero?oldid=604510193.
- Absolute_zero depiction CelsiusKelvin.svg.
- Absolute_zero isPrimaryTopicOf Absolute_zero.
