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- Alternatives_to_animal_testing abstract "Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals.There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. Two major alternatives to in vivo animal testing are in vitro cell culture techniques and in silico computer simulation. However, some claim they are not true alternatives because simulations use data from prior animal experiments and cell cultures often require animal derived products, such as serum or cells. Others say that they cannot replace animals completely as they are unlikely to ever provide enough information about the complex interactions of living systems.Other alternatives include the use of humans for skin irritancy tests and donated human blood for pyrogenicity studies. Another alternative is so-called microdosing, in which the basic behaviour of drugs is assessed using human volunteers receiving doses well below those expected to produce whole-body effects. While microdosing produces important information about pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics it does not reveal information about toxicity or toxicology. Furthermore, it was noted by the Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments that despite the use of microdosing, "animal studies will still be required".Guiding principles for more ethical use of animals in testing are the Three Rs (3Rs) first described by Russell and Burch in 1959. These principles are now followed in many testing establishments worldwide.Replacement refers to the preferred use of non-animal methods over animal methods whenever it is possible to achieve the same scientific aim.Reduction refers to methods that enable researchers to obtain comparable levels of information from fewer animals, or to obtain more information from the same number of animals.Refinement refers to methods that alleviate or minimize potential pain, suffering or distress, and enhance animal welfare for the animals used.".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing thumbnail Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg?width=300.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink to-animals-the-latest.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink www.Go3R.org.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink www.cadaster.eu.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink www.interniche.org.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink AWICBulletinV13N3.pdf.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageExternalLink research-animals.html.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageID "8077127".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wikiPageRevisionID "606144595".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing date "January 2014".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing hasPhotoCollection Alternatives_to_animal_testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing part "section".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing region "Europe".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing subject Category:Alternatives_to_animal_testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing subject Category:Animal_rights.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing subject Category:Animal_testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type Abstraction100002137.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type Abstraction105854150.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type AnimalRights.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type Cognition100023271.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type Concept105835747.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type Content105809192.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type Idea105833840.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing type Right105174653.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing comment "Alternatives to animal testing are the development and implementation of test methods that avoid the use of live animals.There is widespread agreement that a reduction in the number of animals used and the refinement of testing to reduce suffering should be important goals for the industries involved. Two major alternatives to in vivo animal testing are in vitro cell culture techniques and in silico computer simulation.".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing label "Alternatieven voor dierproeven".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing label "Alternatives to animal testing".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing label "動物実験代替法".
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing sameAs 動物実験代替法.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing sameAs Alternatieven_voor_dierproeven.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing sameAs m.026qm67.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing sameAs Q63385.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing sameAs Q63385.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing sameAs Alternatives_to_animal_testing.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing wasDerivedFrom Alternatives_to_animal_testing?oldid=606144595.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing depiction Cell_Culture_in_a_tiny_Petri_dish.jpg.
- Alternatives_to_animal_testing isPrimaryTopicOf Alternatives_to_animal_testing.
