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- Ammonium_polyphosphate abstract "Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching. Its chemical formula is [NH4 PO3]n showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize. In the branched cases some monomers are missing the ammonium anion and instead link to three other monomers.The properties of ammonium polyphosphate depend on the number of monomers in each molecule and to a degree on how often it branches. Shorter chains (n<100) are more water sensitive and less thermally stable than longer chains (n>1000), but short polymer chains (e.g. pyro-, tripoly-, and tetrapoly-) are more soluble and show increasing solubility with increasing chain length.Ammonium polyphosphate can be prepared by reacting concentrated phosphoric acid with ammonia. However, iron and aluminum impurities, soluble in concentrated phosphoric acid, form gelatinous precipitates or "sludges" in ammonium polyphosphate at pH between 5 and 7. Other metal impurities such as copper, chromium, magnesium, and zinc form granular precipitates. However, depending on the degree of polymerization, ammonium polyphosphate can act as a chelating agent to keep certain metal ions dissolved in solution.Ammonium polyphosphate is used as a food additive and emulsifier, (E number: E545). It is also used as a flame retardant for polyolefins and polyurethanes and as a fertilizer.As a fire retardant, ammonium polyphosphates decompose to form ammonia and phosphoric acid. The phosphoric acid acts as an acid catalyst in the dehydration of carbon-based poly-alcohols, such as cellulose in wood. The phosphoric acid reacts with alcohol groups to form heat-unstable phosphate esters. The esters decompose to release carbon dioxide and regenerate the phosphoric acid catalyst. The release of non-flammable carbon dioxide helps to dilute the air of oxygen and flammable decomposition products of the material that is burning. The resultant carbonaceous char is less-flammable than before. Use as an intumescent is achieved when combined with starch-based materials.".
- Ammonium_polyphosphate wikiPageExternalLink index.aspx?id=description.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate wikiPageID "15664920".
- Ammonium_polyphosphate wikiPageRevisionID "545140239".
- Ammonium_polyphosphate hasPhotoCollection Ammonium_polyphosphate.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate subject Category:Ammonium_compounds.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate subject Category:Food_additives.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate subject Category:Polymers.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Abstraction100002137.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type AmmoniumCompounds.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Chemical114806838.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Cognition100023271.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Compound105870180.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Compound114818238.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Concept105835747.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Content105809192.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Idea105833840.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Material114580897.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Matter100020827.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Part113809207.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Polymer114994328.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Polymers.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Relation100031921.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Substance100019613.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate type Whole105869584.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate comment "Ammonium polyphosphate is an inorganic salt of polyphosphoric acid and ammonia containing both chains and possibly branching. Its chemical formula is [NH4 PO3]n showing that each monomer consists of an orthophosphate radical of a phosphorus atom with three oxygens and one negative charge neutralized by an ammonium cation leaving two bonds free to polymerize.".
- Ammonium_polyphosphate label "Ammonium polyphosphate".
- Ammonium_polyphosphate label "Polyammoniumfosfaat".
- Ammonium_polyphosphate sameAs Polyammoniumfosfaat.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate sameAs m.03nn_t5.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate sameAs Q2770473.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate sameAs Q2770473.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate sameAs Ammonium_polyphosphate.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate wasDerivedFrom Ammonium_polyphosphate?oldid=545140239.
- Ammonium_polyphosphate isPrimaryTopicOf Ammonium_polyphosphate.