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- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution abstract "Arab Agricultural Revolution (also known as the Medieval Green Revolution, Muslim Agricultural Revolution, Islamic Agricultural Revolution and Islamic Green Revolution) is a term coined by the historian Andrew Watson in his influential 1974 paper postulating a fundamental transformation in agriculture from the 8th century to the 13th century in the Muslim lands. This was an extension of another hypothesis of an agricultural revolution in Islamic Spain proposed much earlier in 1876 by the Spanish historian Antonia Garcia Maceira.Watson argued that the economy established by Arab and other Muslim traders across the Old World enabled the diffusion of many crops and farming techniques among different parts of the Islamic world, as well as the adaptation of crops and techniques from and to regions beyond the Islamic world. Crops from Africa such as sorghum, crops from China such as citrus fruits, and numerous crops from India such as mangos, rice, cotton and sugar cane, were distributed throughout Islamic lands, which, according to Watson, previously had not grown these crops. Watson listed eighteen such crops being diffused during the Islamic period. Watson argues that these introductions, along with an increased mechanization of agriculture, led to major changes in economy, population distribution, vegetation cover, agricultural production and income, population levels, urban growth, the distribution of the labour force, linked industries, cooking, diet and clothing in the Islamic world.Critical contemporary reviews of Watson's hypothesis apart, a recent study by Michael Decker (2009) challenges the notion of a Muslim revolution. Drawing on literary and archaeological evidence, Decker shows that, contrary to Watson's central thesis, widespread cultivation and consumption of staples such as durum wheat, Asiatic rice, and sorghum as well as cotton were already commonplace under the Roman Empire and Sassanid Empire, centuries before the Islamic period. At the same time he argues that their actual role in Islamic agriculture has been exaggerated. Decker concludes that the agricultural practices of Muslim cultivators did not fundamentally differ from those of pre-Islamic times, but rather evolved from the hydraulic know-how and 'basket' of agricultural plants inherited from their Roman and Persian predecessors.Decker also points to the advanced state of ancient irrigation practices which "rebuts sizeable parts of the Watson thesis." This shows that basically all important agricultural devices, including the all-important watermills (see List of ancient watermills), but also waterwheels, shadufs, norias, sakias, water screws, and various kinds of water pumps were widely known and applied by Greek and Roman farmers long before the Muslim conquests.E. Ashtor has argued that, contrary to Watson's thesis, agricultural production declined in areas brought under Muslim rule in the Middle Ages, including areas in Iraq (Mesopotamia) and Egypt, on the basis of records of taxes collected on cultivated area.".
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution wikiPageExternalLink introduction.html.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution wikiPageID "13837507".
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution wikiPageRevisionID "580820566".
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution hasPhotoCollection Arab_Agricultural_Revolution.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution subject Category:History_of_agriculture.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution subject Category:Islamic_Golden_Age.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution subject Category:Islamic_technology.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution subject Category:Revolutions_by_type.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution subject Category:Agricultural_Revolution.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution comment "Arab Agricultural Revolution (also known as the Medieval Green Revolution, Muslim Agricultural Revolution, Islamic Agricultural Revolution and Islamic Green Revolution) is a term coined by the historian Andrew Watson in his influential 1974 paper postulating a fundamental transformation in agriculture from the 8th century to the 13th century in the Muslim lands.".
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution label "Arab Agricultural Revolution".
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution label "Revolución agrícola del islam medieval".
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution label "Исламская аграрная революция".
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution label "الإصلاح الزراعي العربي".
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution sameAs Revolución_agrícola_del_islam_medieval.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution sameAs m.03ckvlc.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution sameAs Q2477405.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution sameAs Q2477405.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution wasDerivedFrom Arab_Agricultural_Revolution?oldid=580820566.
- Arab_Agricultural_Revolution isPrimaryTopicOf Arab_Agricultural_Revolution.