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- Astaxanthin abstract "Astaxanthin /æstəˈzænθɨn/ is a keto-carotenoid. It belongs to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenes, which are built from five carbon precursors; isopentenyl diphosphate (or IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (or DMAPP). Astaxanthin is classified as a xanthophyll (originally derived from a word meaning "yellow leaves" since yellow plant leaf pigments were the first recognized of the xanthophyll family of carotenoids), but currently employed to describe carotenoid compounds that have oxygen-containing moities, hydroxyl (-OH) or ketone (C=O), such as zeaxanthin and canthaxanthin. Indeed, astaxanthin is a metabolite of zeaxanthin and/or canthaxanthin, containing both hydroxyl and ketone functional groups. Like many carotenoids, astaxanthin is a colorful, lipid-soluble pigment. This colour is due to the extended chain of conjugated (alternating double and single) double bonds at the centre of the compound. This chain of conjugated double bonds is also responsible for the antioxidant function of astaxanthin (as well as other carotenoids) as it results in a region of decentralized electrons that can be donated to reduce a reactive oxidizing molecule.Astaxanthin is found in microalgae, yeast, salmon, trout, krill, shrimp, crayfish, crustaceans, and the feathers of some birds. It provides the red color of salmon meat and the red color of cooked shellfish. Professor Basil Weedon's group was the first to prove the structure of astaxanthin by synthesis, in 1975.Astaxanthin, unlike several carotenes and one other known carotenoid, is not converted to vitamin A (retinol) in the human body. Like other carotenoids, astaxanthin has self-limited absorption orally and such low toxicity by mouth that no toxic syndrome is known. It is an antioxidant with a slightly lower antioxidant activity in some model systems than other carotenoids. However, in living organisms the free-radical terminating effectiveness of each carotenoid is heavily modified by its lipid solubility, and thus varies with the type of system being protected.While astaxanthin is a natural dietary component, it can also be used as a food supplement. The supplement is intended for human, animal, and aquaculture consumption. The commercial production of astaxanthin comes from both natural and synthetic sources.The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved astaxanthin as a food coloring (or color additive) for specific uses in animal and fish foods. The European Commission considers it food dye and it is given the E number E161j. Natural astaxanthin is considered generally recognized as safe (GRAS) by the FDA, but as a food coloring in the United States it is restricted to use in animal food.".
- Astaxanthin iupacName "(6S)-6-Hydroxy-3-[(1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E)-18-[(4S)-4-hydroxy-2,6,6-trimethyl-3-oxo-1-cyclohexenyl]-3,7,12,16-tetramethyloctadeca-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17-nonaenyl]-2,4,4-trimethyl-1-cyclohex-2-enone".
- Astaxanthin thumbnail Astaxanthin.svg?width=300.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink astaxanthin.org.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink cyanotech.com.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink Rep-Harpaz2.html.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink www.algatech.com.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink R1518.htm.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink an_carot_caro_pink1985.htm.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink details.asp?id=1971.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageExternalLink scielo.php?pid=S0716-97602004000100009&script=sci_arttext.
- Astaxanthin wikiPageID "1007331".
- Astaxanthin wikiPageRevisionID "606251961".
- Astaxanthin hasPhotoCollection Astaxanthin.
- Astaxanthin imagefile "Astaxanthin.svg".
- Astaxanthin iupacname "-6".
- Astaxanthin iupacnameHidden "yes".
- Astaxanthin othernames "33".
- Astaxanthin verifiedfields "changed".
- Astaxanthin verifiedrevid "396294019".
- Astaxanthin watchedfields "changed".
- Astaxanthin subject Category:Alcohols.
- Astaxanthin subject Category:Carotenoids.
- Astaxanthin subject Category:Food_colorings.
- Astaxanthin subject Category:Tetraterpenes.
- Astaxanthin type Abstraction100002137.
- Astaxanthin type Agent114778436.
- Astaxanthin type Alcohol107884567.
- Astaxanthin type Alcohols.
- Astaxanthin type Antioxidant114724645.
- Astaxanthin type Beverage107881800.
- Astaxanthin type Carotenoid114720962.
- Astaxanthin type Carotenoids.
- Astaxanthin type CausalAgent100007347.
- Astaxanthin type Chemical114806838.
- Astaxanthin type ColoringMaterial114984973.
- Astaxanthin type Drug103247620.
- Astaxanthin type DrugOfAbuse103248958.
- Astaxanthin type Fluid114939900.
- Astaxanthin type Food100021265.
- Astaxanthin type Inhibitor114724436.
- Astaxanthin type Liquid114940386.
- Astaxanthin type Material114580897.
- Astaxanthin type Matter100020827.
- Astaxanthin type Part113809207.
- Astaxanthin type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Astaxanthin type Phytochemical114983143.
- Astaxanthin type Pigment114989820.
- Astaxanthin type Relation100031921.
- Astaxanthin type Substance100019613.
- Astaxanthin type Substance100020090.
- Astaxanthin type ChemicalCompound.
- Astaxanthin type ChemicalSubstance.
- Astaxanthin type ChemicalSubstanceType.
- Astaxanthin type ChemicalObject.
- Astaxanthin type Thing.
- Astaxanthin comment "Astaxanthin /æstəˈzænθɨn/ is a keto-carotenoid. It belongs to a larger class of phytochemicals known as terpenes, which are built from five carbon precursors; isopentenyl diphosphate (or IPP) and dimethylallyl diphosphate (or DMAPP).".
- Astaxanthin label "Astaksantyna".
- Astaxanthin label "Astaxanthin".
- Astaxanthin label "Astaxanthin".
- Astaxanthin label "Astaxanthine".
- Astaxanthin label "Astaxanthine".
- Astaxanthin label "Astaxantina".
- Astaxanthin label "Astaxantina".
- Astaxanthin label "Astaxantina".
- Astaxanthin label "Астаксантин".
- Astaxanthin label "アスタキサンチン".
- Astaxanthin label "蝦青素".
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaxanthin.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaxanthin.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaxantina.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaxanthine.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaksantin.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaxantina.
- Astaxanthin sameAs アスタキサンチン.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaxanthine.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaksantyna.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaxantina.
- Astaxanthin sameAs m.03ypsg.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Q413740.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Q413740.
- Astaxanthin sameAs Astaxanthin.
- Astaxanthin wasDerivedFrom Astaxanthin?oldid=606251961.
- Astaxanthin depiction Astaxanthin.svg.
- Astaxanthin isPrimaryTopicOf Astaxanthin.