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- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter abstract "The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System. It is mostly made of molecular hydrogen and helium in roughly solar proportions; other chemical compounds are present only in small amounts and include methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and water. Although water is thought to reside deep in the atmosphere, its directly measured concentration is very low. The oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and noble gas abundances in Jupiter's atmosphere exceed solar values by a factor of about three.The atmosphere of Jupiter lacks a clear lower boundary and gradually transitions into the liquid interior of the planet. From lowest to highest, the atmospheric layers are the troposphere, stratosphere, thermosphere and exosphere. Each layer has characteristic temperature gradients. The lowest layer, the troposphere, has a complicated system of clouds and hazes, comprising layers of ammonia, ammonium hydrosulfide and water. The upper ammonia clouds visible at Jupiter's surface are organized in a dozen zonal bands parallel to the equator and are bounded by powerful zonal atmospheric flows (winds) known as jets. The bands alternate in color: the dark bands are called belts, while light ones are called zones. Zones, which are colder than belts, correspond to upwellings, while belts mark descending air. The zones' lighter color is believed to result from ammonia ice; what gives the belts their darker colors is not known with certainty. The origins of the banded structure and jets are not well understood, though two models exist. The shallow model holds that they are surface phenomena overlaying a stable interior. In the deep model, the bands and jets are just surface manifestations of deep circulation in Jupiter's mantle of molecular hydrogen, which is organized into cylinders.The Jovian atmosphere shows a wide range of active phenomena, including band instabilities, vortices (cyclones and anticyclones), storms and lightning. The vortices reveal themselves as large red, white or brown spots (ovals). The largest two spots are the Great Red Spot (GRS) and Oval BA, which is also red. These two and most of the other large spots are anticyclonic. Smaller anticyclones tend to be white. Vortices are thought to be relatively shallow structures with depths not exceeding several hundred kilometers. Located in the southern hemisphere, the GRS is the largest known vortex in the Solar System. It could engulf two or three Earths and has existed for at least three hundred years. Oval BA, south of GRS, is a red spot a third the size of GRS that formed in 2000 from the merging of three white ovals.Jupiter has powerful storms, always accompanied by lightning strikes. The storms are a result of moist convection in the atmosphere connected to the evaporation and condensation of water. They are sites of strong upward motion of the air, which leads to the formation of bright and dense clouds. The storms form mainly in belt regions. The lightning strikes on Jupiter are hundreds of times more powerful than those seen on Earth. However, there are so few, that the amount of lightning activity is comparable to earth".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter thumbnail Jupiter_Belt_System.svg?width=300.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink 1520-0469%281974%29031%3C1471%3AOJROR%3E2.0.CO%3B2.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink 21_jupiter.shtml.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink JBAA-118-1_GRS-paper.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink JBAA111_Jup98.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink JBAA113-Jup9900_II-IR.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gpw0201.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw0301.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw0302.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw0303.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw0304.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw0601.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw7501.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw7801.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw8502.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw9601.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink gw9701.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink west_Ch5_us.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink ingersolletal-2004.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink Yelle04c.pdf.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink 034.html.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageExternalLink 16281029.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageID "30873277".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wikiPageRevisionID "606795535".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter align "right".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter caption "2009".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter caption "2010".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter direction "horizontal".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter hasPhotoCollection Atmosphere_of_Jupiter.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter image "Jupiter on 2009-07-23 .jpg".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter image "Jupiter on 2010-06-07 .jpg".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter width "200".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter subject Category:Jupiter.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter subject Category:Planetary_atmospheres.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter subject Category:Solar_System_planetary_atmospheres.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter type Abstraction100002137.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter type Atmosphere114524849.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter type Attribute100024264.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter type Condition113920835.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter type PlanetaryAtmospheres.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter type SolarSystemPlanetaryAtmospheres.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter type State100024720.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter comment "The atmosphere of Jupiter is the largest planetary atmosphere in the Solar System. It is mostly made of molecular hydrogen and helium in roughly solar proportions; other chemical compounds are present only in small amounts and include methane, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and water. Although water is thought to reside deep in the atmosphere, its directly measured concentration is very low.".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "Atmosfera de Júpiter".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "Atmosfera di Giove".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "Atmosphere of Jupiter".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "Atmosphère de Jupiter".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "Atmósfera de Júpiter".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "Атмосфера Юпитера".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "جو المشتري".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "木星の大気".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter label "木星大氣層".
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs Atmósfera_de_Júpiter.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs Atmosphère_de_Jupiter.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs Atmosfera_di_Giove.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs 木星の大気.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs 목성의_대기.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs Atmosfera_de_Júpiter.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs m.04gpvd9.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs Q3045.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs Q3045.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter sameAs Atmosphere_of_Jupiter.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter wasDerivedFrom Atmosphere_of_Jupiter?oldid=606795535.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter depiction Jupiter_Belt_System.svg.
- Atmosphere_of_Jupiter isPrimaryTopicOf Atmosphere_of_Jupiter.