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- Babcock_Model abstract "The Babcock Model describes a mechanism which can explain magnetic and sunspot patterns observed on the Sun.A modern understanding of sunspots starts with George Ellery Hale, in which magnetic fields and sunspots are linked. Hale suggested that the sunspot cycle period is 22 years, covering two polar reversals of the solar magnetic dipole field. Horace W. Babcock proposed in 1961 a qualitative model for the dynamics of the solar outer layers: The start of the 22-year cycle begins with a well-established dipole field component aligned along the solar rotational axis. The field lines tend to be held by the highly conductive solar plasma of the solar surface. The solar surface plasma rotation rate is different at different latitudes, and the rotation rate is 20 percent faster at the equator than at the poles (one rotation every 27 days). Consequently, the magnetic field lines are wrapped by 20 percent every 27 days. After many rotations, the field lines become highly twisted and bundled, increasing their intensity, and the resulting buoyancy lifts the bundle to the solar surface, forming a bipolar field that appears as two spots, being kinks in the field lines. The sunspots result from the strong local magnetic fields in the solar surface that exclude the light-emitting solar plasma and appear as darkened spots on the solar surface. The leading spot of the bipolar field has the same polarity as the solar hemisphere, and the trailing spot is of opposite polarity. The leading spot of the bipolar field tends to migrate towards the equator, while the trailing spot of opposite polarity migrates towards the solar pole of the respective hemisphere with a resultant reduction of the solar dipole moment. This process of sunspot formation and migration continues until the solar dipole field reverses (after about 11 years). The solar dipole field, through similar processes, reverses again at the end of the 22-year cycle. The magnetic field of the spot at the equator sometimes weakens, allowing an influx of coronal plasma that increases the internal pressure and forms a magnetic bubble which may burst and produce an ejection of coronal mass, leaving a coronal hole with open field lines. Such a coronal mass ejections are a source of the high-speed solar wind. The fluctuations in the bundled fields convert magnetic field energy into plasma heating, producing emission of electromagnetic radiation as intense ultraviolet (UV) and X-rays.".
- Babcock_Model thumbnail Sunspot_butterfly_diagram.svg?width=300.
- Babcock_Model wikiPageID "1593265".
- Babcock_Model wikiPageRevisionID "574156649".
- Babcock_Model caption "Butterfly diagram showing paired sunspot pattern. Graph is sunspot Wolf number.".
- Babcock_Model direction "vertical".
- Babcock_Model hasPhotoCollection Babcock_Model.
- Babcock_Model image "Sunspot area variation.svg".
- Babcock_Model image "Sunspot butterfly diagram.svg".
- Babcock_Model width "350".
- Babcock_Model subject Category:Solar_phenomena.
- Babcock_Model subject Category:Stellar_phenomena.
- Babcock_Model type Phenomenon100034213.
- Babcock_Model type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Babcock_Model type Process100029677.
- Babcock_Model type SolarPhenomena.
- Babcock_Model type StellarPhenomena.
- Babcock_Model comment "The Babcock Model describes a mechanism which can explain magnetic and sunspot patterns observed on the Sun.A modern understanding of sunspots starts with George Ellery Hale, in which magnetic fields and sunspots are linked. Hale suggested that the sunspot cycle period is 22 years, covering two polar reversals of the solar magnetic dipole field. Horace W.".
- Babcock_Model label "Babcock Model".
- Babcock_Model label "Модель Бэбкока".
- Babcock_Model label "巴布科模型".
- Babcock_Model sameAs m.05f32r.
- Babcock_Model sameAs Q1036889.
- Babcock_Model sameAs Q1036889.
- Babcock_Model sameAs Babcock_Model.
- Babcock_Model wasDerivedFrom Babcock_Model?oldid=574156649.
- Babcock_Model depiction Sunspot_butterfly_diagram.svg.
- Babcock_Model isPrimaryTopicOf Babcock_Model.
