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• Battle_of_Vienna abstract "The Battle of Vienna (German: Schlacht am Kahlen Berge, Polish: Bitwa pod Wiedniem or Odsiecz Wiedeńska, Turkish: İkinci Viyana Kuşatması) is a battle that took place on 11 and 12 September 1683 after Vienna had been besieged by the Ottoman Empire for two months. It was a battle of the Holy Roman Empire in league with the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Holy League) versus the Muslim Ottoman Empire and chiefdoms of the Ottoman Empire, and took place at the Kahlenberg mountain near Vienna. The battle marked the beginning of the political hegemony of the Habsburg dynasty in the Holy Roman Empire and Central Europe.The battle was won by the combined forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the latter being represented only by the forces of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland (the march of the Lithuanian army was delayed; as a result they arrived in Vienna after it was relieved). The Viennese garrison was led by Ernst Rüdiger Graf von Starhemberg, an Austrian subject of Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor. The overall command was held by the commander of the Polish forces, the King of Poland, Jan III Sobieski.The alliance fought the army of the Ottoman Empire and those of Ottoman fiefdoms commanded by Grand Vizier Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pasha. The siege itself began on 14 July 1683, by the Ottoman Empire army of approximately 90,000–300,000 men. The besieging force was composed of 60 ortas of Janissaries (12,000 men paper strength) with an observation army of c.70,000 men watching the countryside. The decisive battle took place on 12 September, after the united relief army of approximately 84,000 men had arrived.It has been suggested by some historians that the battle marked the turning-point in the Ottoman–Habsburg wars, the 300-year struggle between the Holy Roman Empire and the Ottoman Empire[citation needed] {by whom?} . Indeed, over the sixteen years following the battle, the Habsburgs of Austria gradually occupied and dominated southern Hungary and Transylvania, which had been largely cleared of the Ottoman forces. However, post-Orientalist historiographies shed light on the fact that the Ottoman Empire did remain strong and imposing in the Balkan –despite some administrative, economic and military turmoils– up until the late 18th century. Nevertheless, much of the Holy Leagues' gains would be recaptured by the Ottomans, such as the Morea and Azov, while the Balkan territories would fall back in parts to the Ottoman Empire by the treaty of Passarowitz".
• Battle_of_Vienna causalties "*the inhabitants of 44% of the houses in Vienna and Lower Austria. 30,000 Christians executed in captivity by Ottomans".
• Battle_of_Vienna causalties "4,500".
• Battle_of_Vienna causalties "Garrison during siege: ~12,000".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "* Khanate of Crimea".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "*".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "*24px Principality of Transylvania".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "----".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "24px Franconia".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "24px Poland".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "24px Royal Hungary".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "24px Swabia".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "Not engaged:".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "Ottoman vassals:".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander Buda.
• Battle_of_Vienna commander Charles_V,_Duke_of_Lorraine.
• Battle_of_Vienna commander Diyarbak%C4%B1r.
• Battle_of_Vienna commander Ernst_R%C3%BCdiger_von_Starhemberg.
• Battle_of_Vienna commander Grand_Vizier.
• Battle_of_Vienna commander John_George_III,_Elector_of_Saxony.
• Battle_of_Vienna commander John_III_Sobieski.
• Battle_of_Vienna commander Murad_Giray.
• Battle_of_Vienna commander Prince_Georg_Friedrich_of_Waldeck.
• Battle_of_Vienna date "1683-09-12".
• Battle_of_Vienna isPartOfMilitaryConflict Great_Turkish_War.
• Battle_of_Vienna isPartOfMilitaryConflict Ottoman%E2%80%93Habsburg_wars.
• Battle_of_Vienna isPartOfMilitaryConflict Polish%E2%80%93Ottoman_War_(1683%E2%80%9399).
• Battle_of_Vienna place Austria.
• Battle_of_Vienna place Holy_Roman_Empire.
• Battle_of_Vienna place Vienna.
• Battle_of_Vienna result "Decisive Holy League victory".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "130 field guns + 19 medium-caliber cannons".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "15,000 soldiers+ 8,700 volunteers".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "160 cannons".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "37,000 Poles".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "370 cannons".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "50,000 Germans".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "90,000–300,000".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "A total of around 110,700".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "Relief force".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "Viennese garrison".
• Battle_of_Vienna territory Hungary.
• Battle_of_Vienna thumbnail Battle_of_Vienna_1683_11.PNG?width=300.
• Battle_of_Vienna wikiPageExternalLink 912238.html.
• Battle_of_Vienna wikiPageExternalLink PolishHorseArtillery.htm.
• Battle_of_Vienna wikiPageExternalLink battle_of_vienna.html.
• Battle_of_Vienna wikiPageExternalLink 0,1872,2392507,00.html.
• Battle_of_Vienna wikiPageID "84274".
• Battle_of_Vienna wikiPageRevisionID "606338398".
• Battle_of_Vienna caption "--09-12".
• Battle_of_Vienna casualties "20000".
• Battle_of_Vienna casualties "4500".
• Battle_of_Vienna casualties "5000".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "* Khanate of Crimea ---- Not engaged: * * *24px Principality of Transylvania".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "24".
• Battle_of_Vienna combatant "Ottoman vassals:".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "24".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Abaza Sari Hussein".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Charles of Lorraine".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Georg Friedrich of Waldeck".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa Pasha".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Ibrahim of Buda".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "John George III of Saxony".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Kara Mehmed of Diyarbakir".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Murad Giray".
• Battle_of_Vienna commander "Pasha of Karahisar".
• Battle_of_Vienna conflict "Battle of Vienna".
• Battle_of_Vienna date "--07-14".
• Battle_of_Vienna hasPhotoCollection Battle_of_Vienna.
• Battle_of_Vienna partof "the Great Turkish War, the Ottoman–Habsburg wars, and the Polish–Ottoman War".
• Battle_of_Vienna place "Vienna, Holy Roman Empire, today Austria".
• Battle_of_Vienna result "Decisive Holy League victory".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "130".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "15000".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "160".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "370".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "37000".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "50000".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "90000".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "A total of around 110,700".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "Relief force".
• Battle_of_Vienna strength "Viennese garrison".
• Battle_of_Vienna territory "Ottomans fail to take Vienna, Holy League forces invade Ottoman possessions in Hungary and the Balkans".
• Battle_of_Vienna wordnet_type synset-war-noun-1.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:1683_in_Austria.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:1683_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:1683_in_the_Ottoman_Empire.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:17th_century_in_the_Ottoman_Empire.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Austria–Turkey_relations.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Battles_involving_Austria.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Battles_involving_Moldavia.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Battles_involving_Poland.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Battles_involving_Wallachia.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Battles_involving_the_Holy_Roman_Empire.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Battles_involving_the_Ottoman_Empire.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Battles_of_the_Great_Turkish_War.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Cavalry_charges.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:Conflicts_in_1683.
• Battle_of_Vienna subject Category:History_of_Vienna.

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