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- Bitumen_of_Judea abstract "The naturally occurring asphalt known as Bitumen of Judea or Syrian asphalt, put to many uses since ancient times, is now perhaps best known as the light-sensitive material in what is widely accepted as the first complete photographic process, i.e., one capable of producing durable light-fast results. The technique was developed by French scientist and inventor Nicéphore Niépce in the 1820s. In 1826 or 1827, he applied a thin coating of the tar-like material to a pewter plate and took a picture of parts of the buildings and surrounding countryside of his estate, producing what is usually described as the first photograph. More accurately, it is the oldest known surviving camera photograph. The plate had to be exposed in the camera for at least eight hours and possibly for several days. The bitumen, initially soluble in spirits and oils, was hardened and made insoluble (probably polymerized) in the brightest areas of the image. The unhardened part was then rinsed away with a solvent.The bitumen used by Niépce actually came from a mine in France, not from Judea. Niépce's primary objective was a photoengraving or photolithography process, and bitumen, superbly resistant to strong acids, was in fact later widely used as a photoresist in making printing plates for mechanical printing processes. The surface of a zinc or other metal plate was coated, exposed, developed with a solvent that laid bare the unexposed areas, then etched in an acid bath, producing the required surface relief.".
- Bitumen_of_Judea wikiPageID "11556937".
- Bitumen_of_Judea wikiPageRevisionID "556749047".
- Bitumen_of_Judea hasPhotoCollection Bitumen_of_Judea.
- Bitumen_of_Judea subject Category:Photographic_processes_dating_from_the_19th_century.
- Bitumen_of_Judea type Abstraction100002137.
- Bitumen_of_Judea type Act100030358.
- Bitumen_of_Judea type Activity100407535.
- Bitumen_of_Judea type Event100029378.
- Bitumen_of_Judea type PhotographicProcessesDatingFromThe19thCentury.
- Bitumen_of_Judea type Procedure101023820.
- Bitumen_of_Judea type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Bitumen_of_Judea type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Bitumen_of_Judea comment "The naturally occurring asphalt known as Bitumen of Judea or Syrian asphalt, put to many uses since ancient times, is now perhaps best known as the light-sensitive material in what is widely accepted as the first complete photographic process, i.e., one capable of producing durable light-fast results. The technique was developed by French scientist and inventor Nicéphore Niépce in the 1820s.".
- Bitumen_of_Judea label "Asfalt syryjski".
- Bitumen_of_Judea label "Bitumen of Judea".
- Bitumen_of_Judea sameAs Asfalt_syryjski.
- Bitumen_of_Judea sameAs m.02rj11w.
- Bitumen_of_Judea sameAs Q4919163.
- Bitumen_of_Judea sameAs Q4919163.
- Bitumen_of_Judea sameAs Bitumen_of_Judea.
- Bitumen_of_Judea wasDerivedFrom Bitumen_of_Judea?oldid=556749047.
- Bitumen_of_Judea isPrimaryTopicOf Bitumen_of_Judea.