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- Byzantine_navy abstract "The Byzantine navy or the Eastern Roman navy was the naval force of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire. Like the empire it served, it was a direct continuation from its imperial Roman predecessor, but played a far greater role in the defence and survival of the state than its earlier iteration. While the fleets of the unified Roman Empire faced few great naval threats, operating as a policing force vastly inferior in power and prestige to the legions, the sea became vital to the very existence of the empire in the east, which several historians have called a "maritime empire".The first threat to Roman hegemony in the Mediterranean was posed by the Vandals in the 5th century, but their threat was ended by the wars of Justinian I in the 6th century. The re-establishment of a permanently maintained fleet and the introduction of the dromon galley in the same period also marks the point when the Byzantine navy began departing from its late Roman roots and developing its own characteristic identity. This process would be furthered with the onset of the Muslim conquests in the 7th century. Following the loss of the Levant and later Africa, the Mediterranean Sea was transformed from a "Roman lake" into a battleground between Byzantines and Arabs. In this struggle, the Byzantine fleets were critical, not only for the defence of the Empire's far-flung possessions around the Mediterranean basin, but also in the repulsion of seaborne attacks against the imperial capital of Constantinople itself. Through the use of the newly invented "Greek fire", the Byzantine navy's best-known and feared secret weapon, Constantinople was saved from several sieges and numerous naval engagements were won for the Byzantines.Initially, the defence of the Byzantine coasts and the approaches to Constantinople was borne by the great fleet of the Karabisianoi. Progressively however it was split up into several regional (thematic) fleets, while a central Imperial Fleet was maintained at Constantinople, guarding the city and forming the core of naval expeditions. By the late 8th century, the Byzantine navy, a well-organized and maintained force, was again the dominant maritime power in the Mediterranean. The antagonism with the Muslim navies continued with alternating success, but in the 10th century, the Byzantines were able to recover a position of supremacy in the Eastern Mediterranean.During the 11th century, the navy, like the Empire itself, began to decline. Faced with new naval challenges from the West, the Byzantines were increasingly forced to rely on the navies of Italian city-states like Venice and Genoa, with disastrous effects on Byzantium's economy and sovereignty. A period of recovery under the Komnenians was followed by another period of decline, which culminated in the disastrous dissolution of the Empire by the Fourth Crusade in 1204. After the Empire was restored in 1261, several emperors of the Palaiologan dynasty tried to revive the navy, but their efforts had only a temporary effect. By the mid-14th century, the Byzantine fleet, which once could put hundreds of warships to sea, was limited to a few dozen at best, and control of the Aegean passed definitively to the Italian and Ottoman navies. The diminished navy, however, continued to be active until the fall of the Byzantine Empire to the Ottomans in 1453.".
- Byzantine_navy thumbnail Byzantine_imperial_flag,_14th_century.svg?width=300.
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- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink ships_galleys.html.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink ships_sailing.html.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink Tropis%20III%20Proceedings%201989.pdf.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink Scafuri-MA2002.pdf.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink 13.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink 2.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink christides.pdf.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink AnnaComnena-Alexiad.html.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink ahess_0395-2649_1958_num_13_2_2743.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink rebyz_0766-5598_1959_num_17_1_1204.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink rebyz_0766-5598_2003_num_61_1_2279.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink BYZS.2008.577.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageExternalLink jwh061p001.pdf.
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageID "2134878".
- Byzantine_navy wikiPageRevisionID "605635224".
- Byzantine_navy active "330".
- Byzantine_navy align "right".
- Byzantine_navy allies Aydinids.
- Byzantine_navy allies Crusader_states.
- Byzantine_navy allies Republic_of_Genoa.
- Byzantine_navy allies Republic_of_Pisa.
- Byzantine_navy allies Republic_of_Venice.
- Byzantine_navy area Black_Sea.
- Byzantine_navy area Danube.
- Byzantine_navy area Mediterranean_Sea.
- Byzantine_navy bgcolor "#c6dbf7".
- Byzantine_navy caption "The imperial ensign carried by Byzantine warships in the 14th century, as described by Pseudo-Kodinos and illustrated in the Castilian atlas Conosçimiento de todos los reynos".
- Byzantine_navy hasPhotoCollection Byzantine_navy.
- Byzantine_navy headquarters Constantinople.
- Byzantine_navy leaders List_of_Byzantine_emperors.
- Byzantine_navy leaders "droungarios tou plōïmou and thematic stratēgoi ,".
- Byzantine_navy leaders "megas doux".
- Byzantine_navy name "Byzantine Navy".
- Byzantine_navy opponents "Vandals, Ostrogoths, the Caliphate and Saracen pirates, Slavs, Bulgarians, Rus', Normans, Genoa, Venice, Pisa, Crusader states, Seljuks, Anatolian beyliks, Ottomans".
- Byzantine_navy partof Byzantine_Empire.
- Byzantine_navy previous Roman_navy.
- Byzantine_navy quote ""As he [the Emperor] knew that the Pisans were skilled in sea warfare and dreaded a battle with them, on the prow of each ship he had a head fixed of a lion or other land-animal, made in brass or iron with the mouth open and then gilded over, so that their mere aspect was terrifying. And the fire which was to be directed against the enemy through tubes he made to pass through the mouths of the beasts, so that it seemed as if the lions and the other similar monsters were vomiting the fire."".
- Byzantine_navy quote ""At that time Kallinikos, an artificer from Heliopolis, fled to the Romans. He had devised a sea fire which ignited the Arab ships and burned them with all hands. Thus it was that the Romans returned with victory and discovered the sea fire."".
- Byzantine_navy quote ""During that time [...] the Muslims gained control over the whole Mediterranean. Their power and domination over it was vast. The Christian nations could do nothing against the Muslim fleets, anywhere in the Mediterranean. All the time, the Muslims rode its wave for conquest."".
- Byzantine_navy quote ""Strive at all time to have the fleet in top condition and to have it not want for anything. For the fleet is the glory of Rhōmania. [...] The droungarios and prōtonotarios of the fleet should [...] investigate with rigor the slightest thing which is done to the fleet. For when the fleet is reduced to nothingness, you shall be overthrown and fall."".
- Byzantine_navy source "Admonitions to the Emperor, from the Strategikon of Kekaumenos, Ch. 87".
- Byzantine_navy source "Chronicle of Theophanes the Confessor, Annus Mundi 6165.".
- Byzantine_navy source "From the Alexiad of Anna Komnene, XI.10".
- Byzantine_navy source "Ibn Khaldūn, Muqaddimah, III.32".
- Byzantine_navy strength "ca. 300 warships in 9th–10th centuries.".
- Byzantine_navy strength "ca. 42,000 men in 899.".
- Byzantine_navy war "the Justinianic Wars, the Byzantine–Arab Wars, the Byzantine–Bulgarian Wars, the Rus'–Byzantine Wars, the Byzantine–Norman wars, the Crusades and the Byzantine–Ottoman wars".
- Byzantine_navy width "260".
- Byzantine_navy subject Category:Byzantine_navy.
- Byzantine_navy subject Category:Military_history_of_the_Mediterranean.
- Byzantine_navy subject Category:Warfare_of_the_Middle_Ages.
- Byzantine_navy comment "The Byzantine navy or the Eastern Roman navy was the naval force of the East Roman or Byzantine Empire. Like the empire it served, it was a direct continuation from its imperial Roman predecessor, but played a far greater role in the defence and survival of the state than its earlier iteration.".
- Byzantine_navy label "Armada bizantina".
- Byzantine_navy label "Byzantijnse vloot".
- Byzantine_navy label "Byzantine navy".
- Byzantine_navy label "Byzantinische Marine".
- Byzantine_navy label "Marina bizantina".
- Byzantine_navy label "Marine byzantine".
- Byzantine_navy label "Marinha bizantina".
- Byzantine_navy label "Византийский флот".
- Byzantine_navy label "拜占庭海軍".
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Byzantinische_Marine.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Armada_bizantina.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Marine_byzantine.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Angkatan_laut_Bizantium.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Marina_bizantina.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Byzantijnse_vloot.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Marinha_bizantina.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs m.06pdcq.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Q1018759.
- Byzantine_navy sameAs Q1018759.
- Byzantine_navy wasDerivedFrom Byzantine_navy?oldid=605635224.
- Byzantine_navy depiction Byzantine_imperial_flag,_14th_century.svg.
- Byzantine_navy isPrimaryTopicOf Byzantine_navy.