DBpedia 2014 |

DBpedia 2014

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Caffeine abstract "Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid and a stimulant drug. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants, as well as enhancing the reward memory of pollinators. It is most commonly consumed by humans in infusions extracted from the seed of the coffee plant and the leaves of the tea bush, as well as from various foods and drinks containing products derived from the kola nut. Other sources include yerba maté, guarana berries, guayusa, and the yaupon holly.In humans, caffeine acts as a central nervous system stimulant, temporarily warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness. It is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug, but unlike many other psychoactive substances, it is legal and unregulated in nearly all parts of the world. Beverages containing caffeine, such as coffee, tea, soft drinks, and energy drinks, enjoy great popularity. In North America, 90% of adults consume caffeine daily.Part of the reason caffeine is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as generally recognized as safe is that toxic doses (over 10 grams for an average adult) are much higher than typically used doses (less than 500 milligrams). Ordinary consumption has low health risks, even when carried on for years – there may be a modest protective effect against some diseases, including Parkinson's disease, heart disease, and certain types of cancer. Some people experience sleep disruption if they consume caffeine, especially during the evening hours, but others show little disturbance and the effect of caffeine on sleep is highly variable.Evidence of a risk to pregnancy is equivocal, with some authorities concluding that it is wise for pregnant women to limit consumption to the equivalent of two cups of coffee per day or less. Caffeine has pressor and mild diuretic effects when administered to people who are not used to it, but regular users develop a tolerance to this effect, and studies have generally failed to support the common notion that ordinary consumption contributes significantly to dehydration. With heavy use, tolerance develops rapidly to autonomic effects such as elevated heart rate and muscle twitching, but not to the cognitive or arousal effects of caffeine. The degree to which caffeine can produce significant dependency and caffeine addiction remains a subject of controversy in the medical literature.".
Caffeine atcPrefix "N06B".
Caffeine atcSuffix "C01".
Caffeine bioavailability "99.0".
Caffeine chEBI "27732".
Caffeine drugbank "DB00201".
Caffeine fdaUniiCode "3G6A5W338E".
Caffeine iupacName "1,3,7-Trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6(3H,7H)-dione".
Caffeine iupacName "3,7-Dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione".
Caffeine pubchem "2519".
Caffeine thumbnail Caffeine-2D-skeletal.svg?width=300.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink Caffeine.html.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink 43595824-4FD6-4B29-AFC2-2771E487F6F3.aspx.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink neng0405.html.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink caffeine_content.htm.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink CU21.html.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink CU22.html.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink icsc0405.htm.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink AN01211.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink mv_caffeine.htm.
Caffeine wikiPageExternalLink caffeine_content.htm.
Caffeine wikiPageID "6868".
Caffeine wikiPageRevisionID "605444235".
Caffeine alt "Caffeine molecule".
Caffeine appearance "Odorless, white needles or powder".
Caffeine atcPrefix "N06B".
Caffeine atcSuffix "1.0".
Caffeine bioavailability "99.0".
Caffeine boilingNotes Sublimation_(phase_transition).
Caffeine boilingptc "178".
Caffeine c "8".
Caffeine casno "58".
Caffeine chebi "27732".
Caffeine chembl "113".
Caffeine chemspiderid "2424".
Caffeine date "January 2014".
Caffeine density "1.23".
Caffeine dependencyLiability "Moderate".
Caffeine dipole "3.64".
Caffeine drugbank "DB00201".
Caffeine eliminationHalfLife "18000.0".
Caffeine euclass "Harmful".
Caffeine euindex "613".
Caffeine exactmass "194.080376".
Caffeine excretion "urine".
Caffeine externalmsds icsc0405.htm.
Caffeine h "10".
Caffeine hasPhotoCollection Caffeine.
Caffeine image "Caffeine 3D spacefill.png".
Caffeine inchi "1".
Caffeine inchikey "RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYAW".
Caffeine iupacName "137".
Caffeine iupacName "37".
Caffeine kegg "D00528".
Caffeine ld "192".
Caffeine legalAu "unscheduled".
Caffeine legalUk "GSL".
Caffeine legalUs "OTC".
Caffeine meltingpt "234".
Caffeine meltingpt "235".
Caffeine metabolism "demethylation by CYP1A2".
Caffeine molecularWeight "194.19".
Caffeine n "4".
Caffeine nfpaF "0".
Caffeine nfpaH "2".
Caffeine nfpaR "0".
Caffeine o "2".
Caffeine pdbLigand "CFF".
Caffeine pka "-0.13".
Caffeine pregnancyUs "C".
Caffeine proteinBound "17".
Caffeine pubchem "2519".
Caffeine reason "Which is this—a book or a journal? If a book, which page? If a journal, a link can help verify this.".
Caffeine routesOfAdministration "Oral, insufflation, enema".
Caffeine smiles "Cn1cnc2c1cnC".
Caffeine solubility "18".
Caffeine solubility "2.17".
Caffeine solubility "67".
Caffeine solubleother "ethanol 15 g/L".
Caffeine stdinchi "1".
Caffeine stdinchikey "RYYVLZVUVIJVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N".
Caffeine unii "3".
Caffeine width "150".
Caffeine subject Category:Adenosine_antagonists.
Caffeine subject Category:Anxiogenics.
Caffeine subject Category:Bitter_compounds.
Caffeine subject Category:Caffeine.
Caffeine subject Category:Glycine_antagonists.
Caffeine subject Category:IARC_Group_3_carcinogens.
Caffeine subject Category:Mutagens.
Caffeine subject Category:Phosphodiesterase_inhibitors.
Caffeine subject Category:Plant_toxin_insecticides.
Caffeine subject Category:Substance_intoxication.
Caffeine subject Category:Vasoconstrictors.
Caffeine subject Category:Xanthines.
Caffeine type Drug.
Caffeine type ChemicalSubstanceType.
Caffeine type FunctionalSubstance.
Caffeine comment "Caffeine is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid and a stimulant drug. Caffeine is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruit of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants, as well as enhancing the reward memory of pollinators.".
Caffeine label "Cafeína".