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- Carbohydrate abstract "A carbohydrate is a large biological molecule, or macromolecule, consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m could be different from n). Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4. Carbohydrates are technically hydrates of carbon; structurally it is more accurate to view them as polyhydroxy aldehydes and ketones.The term is most common in biochemistry, where it is a synonym of saccharide. The carbohydrates (saccharides) are divided into four chemical groups: monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. In general, the monosaccharides and disaccharides, which are smaller (lower molecular weight) carbohydrates, are commonly referred to as sugars. The word saccharide comes from the Greek word σάκχαρον (sákkharon), meaning "sugar." While the scientific nomenclature of carbohydrates is complex, the names of the monosaccharides and disaccharides very often end in the suffix -ose. For example, grape sugar is the monosaccharide glucose, cane sugar is the disaccharide sucrose, and milk sugar is the disaccharide lactose (see illustration).Carbohydrates perform numerous roles in living organisms. Polysaccharides serve for the storage of energy (e.g., starch and glycogen), and as structural components (e.g., cellulose in plants and chitin in arthropods). The 5-carbon monosaccharide ribose is an important component of coenzymes (e.g., ATP, FAD, and NAD) and the backbone of the genetic molecule known as RNA. The related deoxyribose is a component of DNA. Saccharides and their derivatives include many other important biomolecules that play key roles in the immune system, fertilization, preventing pathogenesis, blood clotting, and development.In food science and in many informal contexts, the term carbohydrate often means any food that is particularly rich in the complex carbohydrate starch (such as cereals, bread, and pasta) or simple carbohydrates, such as sugar (found in candy, jams, and desserts).".
- Carbohydrate thumbnail Lactose.svg?width=300.
- Carbohydrate wikiPageExternalLink carbohydrates.shtml.
- Carbohydrate wikiPageExternalLink carbhyd.htm.
- Carbohydrate wikiPageExternalLink 2carb.
- Carbohydrate wikiPageExternalLink www.functionalglycomics.org.
- Carbohydrate wikiPageExternalLink chime.
- Carbohydrate wikiPageExternalLink carb_en.htm.
- Carbohydrate wikiPageID "5932".
- Carbohydrate wikiPageRevisionID "606539733".
- Carbohydrate hasPhotoCollection Carbohydrate.
- Carbohydrate subject Category:Carbohydrates.
- Carbohydrate subject Category:Nutrition.
- Carbohydrate comment "A carbohydrate is a large biological molecule, or macromolecule, consisting of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula Cm(H2O)n (where m could be different from n). Some exceptions exist; for example, deoxyribose, a sugar component of DNA, has the empirical formula C5H10O4.".
- Carbohydrate label "Carbohydrate".
- Carbohydrate label "Carboidrato".
- Carbohydrate label "Glucide".
- Carbohydrate label "Glucidi".
- Carbohydrate label "Glúcido".
- Carbohydrate label "Kohlenhydrate".
- Carbohydrate label "Koolhydraat".
- Carbohydrate label "Węglowodany".
- Carbohydrate label "Углеводы".
- Carbohydrate label "سكريات".
- Carbohydrate label "炭水化物".
- Carbohydrate label "糖类".
- Carbohydrate sameAs Sacharidy.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Kohlenhydrate.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Υδατάνθρακες.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Glúcido.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Karbono_hidrato.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Glucide.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Karbohidrat.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Glucidi.
- Carbohydrate sameAs 炭水化物.
- Carbohydrate sameAs 탄수화물.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Koolhydraat.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Węglowodany.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Carboidrato.
- Carbohydrate sameAs m.01sh2.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Q11358.
- Carbohydrate sameAs Q11358.
- Carbohydrate wasDerivedFrom Carbohydrate?oldid=606539733.
- Carbohydrate depiction Lactose.svg.
- Carbohydrate isPrimaryTopicOf Carbohydrate.
