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- Carcinogen abstract "A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer. This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Several radioactive substances are considered carcinogens, but their carcinogenic activity is attributed to the radiation, for example gamma rays and alpha particles, which they emit. Common examples of non-radioactive carcinogens are inhaled asbestos, certain dioxins, and tobacco smoke. Although the public generally associates carcinogenicity with synthetic chemicals, it is equally likely to arise in both natural and synthetic substances. Carcinogens are not necessarily immediately toxic, thus their effect can be insidious.Cancer is any disease in which normal cells are damaged and do not undergo programmed cell death as fast as they divide via mitosis. Carcinogens may increase the risk of cancer by altering cellular metabolism or damaging DNA directly in cells, which interferes with biological processes, and induces the uncontrolled, malignant division, ultimately leading to the formation of tumors. Usually, severe DNA damage leads to apoptosis, but if the programmed cell death pathway is damaged, then the cell cannot prevent itself from becoming a cancer cell.There are many natural carcinogens. Aflatoxin B1, which is produced by the fungus Aspergillus flavus growing on stored grains, nuts and peanut butter, is an example of a potent, naturally occurring microbial carcinogen. Certain viruses such as hepatitis B and human papilloma virus have been found to cause cancer in humans. The first one shown to cause cancer in animals is Rous sarcoma virus, discovered in 1910 by Peyton Rous. Other infectious organisms which cause cancer in humans include some bacteria (eg. Helicobacter pylori ) and helminths (eg. Opisthorchis viverrini and Clonorchis sinensis ).Dioxins and dioxin-like compounds, benzene, kepone, EDB, and asbestos have all been classified as carcinogenic. As far back as the 1930s, industrial smoke and tobacco smoke were identified as sources of dozens of carcinogens, including benzo[a]pyrene, tobacco-specific nitrosamines such as nitrosonornicotine, and reactive aldehydes such as formaldehyde—which is also a hazard in embalming and making plastics. Vinyl chloride, from which PVC is manufactured, is a carcinogen and thus a hazard in PVC production.Co-carcinogens are chemicals that do not necessarily cause cancer on their own, but promote the activity of other carcinogens in causing cancer.After the carcinogen enters the body, the body makes an attempt to eliminate it through a process called biotransformation. The purpose of these reactions is to make the carcinogen more water-soluble so that it can be removed from the body. But these reactions can also convert a less toxic carcinogen into a more toxic carcinogen.DNA is nucleophilic, therefore soluble carbon electrophiles are carcinogenic, because DNA attacks them. For example, some alkenes are toxicated by human enzymes to produce an electrophilic epoxide. DNA attacks the epoxide, and is bound permanently to it. This is the mechanism behind the carcinogenicity of benzo[a]pyrene in tobacco smoke, other aromatics, aflatoxin and mustard gas.".
- Carcinogen wikiPageExternalLink index.cfm?objectid=03C9B512-ACF8-C1F3-ADBA53CAE848F635.
- Carcinogen wikiPageExternalLink potency.berkeley.edu.
- Carcinogen wikiPageExternalLink MOE.html.
- Carcinogen wikiPageExternalLink PED_1_3x_Known_and_Probable_Carcinogens.asp?sitearea=PED.
- Carcinogen wikiPageExternalLink npotocca.html.
- Carcinogen wikiPageExternalLink chemicals.tcl?short_hazard_name=cancer&all_p=t.
- Carcinogen wikiPageID "6445".
- Carcinogen wikiPageRevisionID "605526167".
- Carcinogen hasPhotoCollection Carcinogen.
- Carcinogen quote "Carcinogenicity: Ability or tendency to produce cancer. Note: In general, polymers are not known as carcinogens or mutagens,".
- Carcinogen quote "however, residual monomers or additives can cause genetic mutations.".
- Carcinogen title "IUPAC definition".
- Carcinogen subject Category:Carcinogenesis.
- Carcinogen subject Category:Carcinogens.
- Carcinogen subject Category:Radiation_health_effects.
- Carcinogen comment "A carcinogen is any substance, radionuclide, or radiation that is an agent directly involved in causing cancer. This may be due to the ability to damage the genome or to the disruption of cellular metabolic processes. Several radioactive substances are considered carcinogens, but their carcinogenic activity is attributed to the radiation, for example gamma rays and alpha particles, which they emit.".
- Carcinogen label "Cancérogène".
- Carcinogen label "Carcinogeen".
- Carcinogen label "Carcinogen".
- Carcinogen label "Carcinogeno".
- Carcinogen label "Carcinógeno".
- Carcinogen label "Carcinógeno".
- Carcinogen label "Czynnik rakotwórczy".
- Carcinogen label "Karzinogen".
- Carcinogen label "Канцероген".
- Carcinogen label "مسرطن".
- Carcinogen label "発癌性".
- Carcinogen label "致癌物質".
- Carcinogen sameAs Karcinogen.
- Carcinogen sameAs Karzinogen.
- Carcinogen sameAs Carcinógeno.
- Carcinogen sameAs Cancérogène.
- Carcinogen sameAs Karsinogen.
- Carcinogen sameAs Carcinogeno.
- Carcinogen sameAs 発癌性.
- Carcinogen sameAs 발암_물질.
- Carcinogen sameAs Carcinogeen.
- Carcinogen sameAs Czynnik_rakotwórczy.
- Carcinogen sameAs Carcinógeno.
- Carcinogen sameAs m.01x21.
- Carcinogen sameAs Q187661.
- Carcinogen sameAs Q187661.
- Carcinogen wasDerivedFrom Carcinogen?oldid=605526167.
- Carcinogen isPrimaryTopicOf Carcinogen.