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- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event abstract "The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event, also known as the Cenomanian-Turonian extinction event, the Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event, and referred to in Europe as the Bonarelli Event, was the latter of two anoxic extinction events early in the Cretaceous period. The event occurred approximately 91.5 ± 8.6 million years ago, and brought about the extinction of the Spinosauridae, Pliosauridae, and possibly Ichthyosauria; though coracoids of Maastrichtian age may belong to ichthyosaurs, indicating the survival of the group until the latest Cretaceous. Other animals lost some diversity as well. Although the cause is still uncertain, the result starved the Earth's oceans of oxygen for nearly half a million years, causing the extinction of approximately 27 percent of marine invertebrates. This global environmental disturbance increased atmospheric and oceanic temperatures. Boundary sediments show an enrichment of trace elements, and contain elevated δ13C values.One possible cause was sub-oceanic volcanism occurring approximately 500,000 years earlier. During that period, the rate of crustal production reached its highest level for 100 million years. This was largely caused by the widespread melting of hot mantle plumes under the oceans at the base of the lithosphere. This resulted in the thickening of the oceanic crust in the Pacific and Indian Oceans. This volcanism would have produced large quantities of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, leading to global warming. Within the oceans, the emission of SO, H2S, CO, and halogens would have increased the acidity of the water, causing the dissolution of carbonate, and a further release of carbon dioxide. When the volcanic activity declined, this run-away greenhouse effect would have likely been put into reverse. The increased CO2 content of the oceans could have increased organic productivity in the ocean surface waters. The consumption of this newly abundant organic life by aerobic bacteria would produce anoxia and mass extinction. The resulting elevated levels of carbon burial would account for the black shale deposition in the ocean basins.".
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event wikiPageExternalLink Honbun-4203.pdf.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event wikiPageExternalLink tsikos_first_evidence.pdf.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event wikiPageExternalLink JIGE0505220311A.PDF.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event wikiPageExternalLink 870GSI-16-2009.pdf.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event wikiPageID "28708634".
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event wikiPageRevisionID "595759132".
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event hasPhotoCollection Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event subject Category:Cretaceous_extinctions.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event subject Category:Extinction_events.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event subject Category:Geochronology.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type Abstraction100002137.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type Attribute100024264.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type CretaceousExtinctions.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type Event100029378.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type Extinction114012173.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type ExtinctionEvents.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type Inaction114010148.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type State100024720.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event comment "The Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event, also known as the Cenomanian-Turonian extinction event, the Cenomanian-Turonian anoxic event, and referred to in Europe as the Bonarelli Event, was the latter of two anoxic extinction events early in the Cretaceous period.".
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event label "Cenomanian-Turonian boundary event".
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event label "Сеномано-туронское пограничное биотическое событие".
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event sameAs m.0czchc4.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event sameAs Q5058878.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event sameAs Q5058878.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event sameAs Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event wasDerivedFrom Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event?oldid=595759132.
- Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event isPrimaryTopicOf Cenomanian-Turonian_boundary_event.