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• Chinese_classifier abstract "The modern Chinese languages make frequent use of what are called classifiers or measure words. One of the basic uses of classifiers is in phrases in which a noun is qualified by a numeral. When a phrase such as "one person" or "three books" is translated into Chinese, it is normally necessary to insert an appropriate classifier between the numeral and the noun. For example, in Standard Mandarin, the first of these phrases would be 一个人 yī ge rén, where yī means "one", rén means "person", and ge is the required classifier. There are also other grammatical contexts in which classifiers are used, including after the demonstratives 这 zhè ("this") and 那 nà ("that"); however, when a noun stands alone without any such qualifier, no classifier is needed. There are also variant uses of classifiers: for example, when placed after a noun rather than before it, or when repeated, a classifier signifies a plural or indefinite quantity.The terms "classifier" and "measure word" are frequently used interchangeably (as equivalent to the Chinese term 量词 (量詞) liàngcí, which literally means "measure word"). Sometimes, however, the two are distinguished, with classifier denoting a particle without any particular meaning of its own, as in the example above, and measure word denoting a word for a particular quantity or measurement of something, such as "drop", "cupful", or "liter". The latter type also includes certain words denoting lengths of time, units of currency, etc. These two types are alternatively called count-classifier and mass-classifier, since the first type can only meaningfully be used with count nouns, while the second is used particularly with mass nouns. However, the grammatical behavior of words of the two types is largely identical.Most nouns have one or more particular classifiers associated with them, often depending on the nature of the things they denote. For example, many nouns denoting flat objects such as tables, papers, beds, and benches use the classifier 张 (張) zhāng, whereas many long and thin objects use 条 (條) tiáo. The total number of classifiers in Chinese may be put at anywhere from a few dozen to several hundred, depending on how they are counted. The classifier 个 (個), pronounced gè or ge in Mandarin, apart from being the standard classifier for many nouns, also serves as a general classifier, which may often (but not always) be used in place of other classifiers; in informal and spoken language, native speakers tend to use this classifier far more than any other, even though they know which classifier is "correct" when asked. Mass-classifiers might be used with all sorts of nouns with which they make sense: for example, 盒 hé ("box") may be used to denote boxes of objects, such as lightbulbs or books, even though those nouns would be used with their own appropriate count-classifiers if being counted as individual objects. Researchers have differing views as to how classifier–noun pairings arise: some regard them as being based on innate semantic features of the noun (for example, all nouns denoting "long" objects take a certain classifier because of their inherent longness), while others see them as motivated more by analogy to prototypical pairings (for example, "dictionary" comes to take the same classifier as the more common word "book"). There is some variation in the pairings used, with speakers of different dialects often using different classifiers for the same item. Some linguists have proposed that the use of classifier phrases may be guided less by grammar and more by stylistic or pragmatic concerns on the part of a speaker who may be trying to foreground new or important information.Many languages close to Chinese exhibit similar classifier systems, leading to speculation about the origins of the Chinese system. Ancient classifier-like constructions, which used a repeated noun rather than a special classifier, are attested in Chinese as early as 1400 BCE, but true classifiers did not appear in these phrases until much later. Originally, classifiers and numbers came after the noun rather than before, and probably moved before the noun sometime after 500 BCE. The use of classifiers did not become a mandatory part of Chinese grammar until around 1100 CE. Some nouns became associated with specific classifiers earlier than others, the earliest probably being nouns that signified culturally valued items such as horses and poems. Many words that are classifiers today started out as full nouns; in some cases their meanings have been gradually bleached away so that they are now used only as classifiers.".
• Chinese_classifier thumbnail Unicode4E2A.svg?width=300.
• Chinese_classifier wikiPageExternalLink chinese-measure-words.
• Chinese_classifier wikiPageExternalLink ref_measure_words.htm.
• Chinese_classifier wikiPageExternalLink units.php.
• Chinese_classifier wikiPageID "304719".
• Chinese_classifier wikiPageRevisionID "605154443".
• Chinese_classifier align "left".
• Chinese_classifier align "right".
• Chinese_classifier alt "The character 个".
• Chinese_classifier alt "The character 個".
• Chinese_classifier bgcolor "#FFFFE0".
• Chinese_classifier c "汉语水平词汇与汉字等级大纲".
• Chinese_classifier caption "" pants"".
• Chinese_classifier caption ""bench"".
• Chinese_classifier caption ""fish"".
• Chinese_classifier caption ""river"".
• Chinese_classifier caption "A donkey".
• Chinese_classifier caption "A mule".
• Chinese_classifier caption "dèngzi".
• Chinese_classifier caption "hé".
• Chinese_classifier caption "kùzi".
• Chinese_classifier caption "simplified".
• Chinese_classifier caption "traditional".
• Chinese_classifier caption "yú".
• Chinese_classifier caption "驴子, lǘzi".
• Chinese_classifier caption "骡子, luózi".
• Chinese_classifier footer "General classifier gè, the most common Mandarin classifier".
• Chinese_classifier footer "James Tai and Wang Lianqing found that the horse classifier pǐ is sometimes used for mules and camels, but rarely for the less "horse-like" donkeys, suggesting that the choice of classifiers is influenced by prototypal closeness.".
• Chinese_classifier footer "The above nouns denoting long or flexible objects may all appear with the classifier tiáo.".
• Chinese_classifier hasPhotoCollection Chinese_classifier.
• Chinese_classifier image "Bench_in_Tehran.JPG".
• Chinese_classifier image "Denimjeans2.JPG".
• Chinese_classifier image "Donkey 1 arp 750px.jpg".
• Chinese_classifier image "Frecklesmule.jpg".
• Chinese_classifier image "Rainbow_trout.png".
• Chinese_classifier image "Ulm2-midsize.jpg".
• Chinese_classifier image "Unicode4E2A.svg".
• Chinese_classifier image "Unicode500B.svg".
• Chinese_classifier links "no".
• Chinese_classifier p "Hànyǔ Shuǐpíng Cíhuì yú Hànzi Děngjí Dàgāng".
• Chinese_classifier quote "A classifier categorizes a class of nouns by picking out some salient perceptual properties...which are permanently associated with entities named by the class of nouns; a measure word does not categorize but denotes the quantity of the entity named by a noun.".
• Chinese_classifier quote "Where do these classifiers come from? Each classifier has its own history.".
• Chinese_classifier salign "right".
• Chinese_classifier source "— , emphasis added".
• Chinese_classifier source "—".
• Chinese_classifier width "114".
• Chinese_classifier width "120".
• Chinese_classifier width "140".
• Chinese_classifier width "143".
• Chinese_classifier width "148".
• Chinese_classifier width "150".
• Chinese_classifier width "20.0".
• Chinese_classifier width "25.0".
• Chinese_classifier width "56".
• Chinese_classifier width "91".
• Chinese_classifier subject Category:Chinese_grammar.
• Chinese_classifier subject Category:Parts_of_speech.
• Chinese_classifier type Abstraction100002137.
• Chinese_classifier type Class107997703.
• Chinese_classifier type Collection107951464.
• Chinese_classifier type GrammaticalCategory106309383.
• Chinese_classifier type Group100031264.
• Chinese_classifier type PartOfSpeech106317464.
• Chinese_classifier type PartsOfSpeech.
• Chinese_classifier comment "The modern Chinese languages make frequent use of what are called classifiers or measure words. One of the basic uses of classifiers is in phrases in which a noun is qualified by a numeral. When a phrase such as "one person" or "three books" is translated into Chinese, it is normally necessary to insert an appropriate classifier between the numeral and the noun.".
• Chinese_classifier label "Chinees maatwoord".
• Chinese_classifier label "Chinese classifier".
• Chinese_classifier label "Clasificadores en chino".
• Chinese_classifier label "Classificateurs en chinois".
• Chinese_classifier label "Счётное слово (китайский язык)".
• Chinese_classifier label "مصنف صيني".
• Chinese_classifier label "汉语量词".
• Chinese_classifier sameAs Clasificadores_en_chino.
• Chinese_classifier sameAs Classificateurs_en_chinois.
• Chinese_classifier sameAs Classificatori_della_lingua_cinese.
• Chinese_classifier sameAs Chinees_maatwoord.
• Chinese_classifier sameAs m.01sc2h.
• Chinese_classifier sameAs Q849760.
• Chinese_classifier sameAs Q849760.
• Chinese_classifier sameAs Chinese_classifier.
• Chinese_classifier wasDerivedFrom Chinese_classifier?oldid=605154443.
• Chinese_classifier depiction Unicode4E2A.svg.
• Chinese_classifier isPrimaryTopicOf Chinese_classifier.