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• Chronometer_watch abstract "The term chronometer is a specific type of timepiece tested and certified to meet certain precision standards. In Switzerland, only timepieces certified by the Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres (COSC)may use the word 'Chronometer' on them. Outside Switzerland, the term is controlled only by the scruples of watchmakers.The term chronometer was coined by Jeremy Thacker of Beverly, England in 1714, referring to his invention of a clock ensconced in a vacuum chamber. The term chronometer is also used to describe a marine chronometer used for celestial navigation and determination of longitude. The marine chronometer was invented by John Harrison in 1730. This was the first of a series of chronometers that enabled accurate marine navigation. From then on, an accurate chronometer was essential to deep sea marine or air navigation out of sight of land. Early in the Twentieth Century the advent of radiotelegraphy time signals supplemented the onboard marine chronometer for marine and air navigation, and various radio navigation systems were invented, developed, and implemented during and following the Second World War (e.g., Gee, Sonne a.k.a. Consol, LORAN(-A and -C), Decca Navigator System and Omega Navigation System) that significantly reduced the need for positioning using the onboard marine chronometer. These culminated in the development and implementation of global satellite navigation systems (GSN-GPS) in the last half of the 20th century. The marine chronometer is no longer used as the primary means for navigation at sea, although it is still required as a backup, since radio systems and their associated electronics can fail for a variety of reasons.Once mechanical timepiece movements developed sufficient precision to allow for accurate marine navigation, there eventually developed what became known as "chronometer competitions" at astronomical observatories located in Europe. The Neuchâtel Observatory, Geneva Observatory, Besancon Observatory, and Kew Observatory are prominent examples of observatories that certified the accuracy of mechanical timepieces. The observatory testing regime typically lasted for 30 to 50 days and contained accuracy standards that were far more stringent and difficult than modern standards such as those set by COSC. When a movement passed the Observatory, it became certified as an Observatory Chronometer and received a Bulletin de Marche from the Observatory, stipulating the performance of the movement. Because only very few movements were ever given the attention and manufacturing level necessary to pass the Observatory standards, there are very few Observatory Chronometers in existence. Most Observatory Chronometers had movements so specialized to accuracy that they could never withstand being used as wristwatches in normal usage. They were useful only for accuracy competitions, and so never were sold to the public for usage. However,in 1966 and 1967, Girard Perregaux manufactured approximately 670 wristwatches with the Calibre 32A movement, which became Observatory Chronometers certified by the Neuchatel Observatory. These Observatory Chronometers were then sold to the public for normal usage as wristwatches, and some examples of this watch may still be found today. The Observatory competitions ended with the advent of the quartz watch movement, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, which generally have superior accuracy at far lesser costs.".
• Chronometer_watch thumbnail L-Cronometer.png?width=300.
• Chronometer_watch wikiPageExternalLink en.
• Chronometer_watch wikiPageExternalLink www.awci.com.
• Chronometer_watch wikiPageExternalLink www.cosc.ch.
• Chronometer_watch wikiPageID "10554103".
• Chronometer_watch wikiPageRevisionID "592605091".
• Chronometer_watch hasPhotoCollection Chronometer_watch.
• Chronometer_watch subject Category:Clocks.
• Chronometer_watch subject Category:Horology.
• Chronometer_watch type Artifact100021939.
• Chronometer_watch type Clock103046257.
• Chronometer_watch type Clocks.
• Chronometer_watch type Device103183080.
• Chronometer_watch type Instrument103574816.
• Chronometer_watch type Instrumentality103575240.
• Chronometer_watch type MeasuringInstrument103733925.
• Chronometer_watch type Object100002684.
• Chronometer_watch type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Chronometer_watch type Timepiece104437953.
• Chronometer_watch type Whole100003553.
• Chronometer_watch comment "The term chronometer is a specific type of timepiece tested and certified to meet certain precision standards. In Switzerland, only timepieces certified by the Contrôle Officiel Suisse des Chronomètres (COSC)may use the word 'Chronometer' on them. Outside Switzerland, the term is controlled only by the scruples of watchmakers.The term chronometer was coined by Jeremy Thacker of Beverly, England in 1714, referring to his invention of a clock ensconced in a vacuum chamber.".
• Chronometer_watch label "Chronometer watch".
• Chronometer_watch label "Chronometer".
• Chronometer_watch label "Chronometer".
• Chronometer_watch label "Chronometr".
• Chronometer_watch label "Chronomètre".
• Chronometer_watch label "Cronometro".
• Chronometer_watch label "Cronómetro".
• Chronometer_watch label "Cronômetro".
• Chronometer_watch label "Хронометр".
• Chronometer_watch label "كرونومتر".
• Chronometer_watch label "クロノメーター".
• Chronometer_watch label "精密手表".
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Chronometr.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Chronometer.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Cronómetro.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Chronomètre.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Kronometer.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Cronometro.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs クロノメーター.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs 크로노미터.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Chronometer.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Chronometr.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Cronômetro.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs m.02qhnrn.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Q193150.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Q193150.
• Chronometer_watch sameAs Chronometer_watch.
• Chronometer_watch wasDerivedFrom Chronometer_watch?oldid=592605091.
• Chronometer_watch depiction L-Cronometer.png.
• Chronometer_watch isPrimaryTopicOf Chronometer_watch.