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- Civilian_casualties abstract "Civilian casualties is a military term describing civilians killed, injured, or imprisoned by military action. Civilian casualties can be associated with the outcome of any form of military action regardless of whether civilians were targeted directly or not. Some researchers have included refugees and internally displaced persons in their definition of "civilian casualty".Civilian casualties occurs as a result of military actions such as the widespread use of weapons of mass destruction (i.e., chemical weapons) by all major belligerents during the First World War. Though officers on both sides of the conflict maintained that the use of chemical weapons was only limited on the battlefield, strong winds frequently blew the poison gases on nearby civilian towns. Since civilians didn't had warning systems as well having access to effective gas masks, they were at high risk of being exposed to deadly poison gas effects. An estimated 100,000-260,000 civilians were either killed or wounded by chemical weapons during the First World War and tens of thousands of more (along with military personnel) died from scarring of the lungs, skin damage, and cerebral damage in the years after the conflict ended. In the year 1920 alone, over 40,000 civilians and 20,000 military personnel died from the chemical weapons effects.Civilian casualties therefore include victims of atrocities such as the Nanking Massacre committed on a civilian population where hundreds of thousands of men were slaughtered, while girls and women ages ranging from 10 to 70 were systematically raped and/or killed by Japanese soldiers in 1937 during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The My Lai Massacre which involved the killing of hundreds of unarmed Vietnamese civilians by United States soldiers in 1968 during the Vietnam War and the Batang Kali massacre which involved the killing of 24 unarmed villagers by United Kingdom soldiers in 1948 during the Malayan Emergency are also examples. Such military action, which has the sole purpose of inflicting civilian casualties, is illegal under modern rules of war, and may be considered a war crime or crime against humanity. Following the Second World War, a series of treaties governing the laws of war were adopted starting in 1949. These Geneva Conventions would come into force, in no small part, because of a general reaction against the practices of the Second World War. Although the Fourth Geneva Convention attempted to erect some legal defenses for civilians in time of war, the bulk of the Fourth Convention devoted to explicating civilian rights in occupied territories, and no explicit attention is paid to the problems of bombardment and the hazardous effects in the combat-zone.In 1977, Protocol I was adopted as an amendment to the Geneva Conventions, prohibiting the deliberate or indiscriminate attack of civilians and civilian objects in the war-zone and the attacking force must take precautions and steps to spare the lives of civilians and civilian objects as possible. Although ratified by 173 countries, the only countries that are currently not signatories to Protocol I are the United States, Israel, Iran, Pakistan, India, and Turkey.The Rome Statute defines that "intentionally directing attacks against the civilian population" to be illegal, but only came into effect on July 1, 2002 and has not been ratified by every country.".
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink print.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink counting-civilian-casualties-9780199977314?q=seybolt&lang=en&cc=us.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat0.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat1.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat2.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat3.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat4.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat5.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat6.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat7.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageExternalLink warstat8.htm.
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageID "104983".
- Civilian_casualties wikiPageRevisionID "601546940".
- Civilian_casualties hasPhotoCollection Civilian_casualties.
- Civilian_casualties subject Category:Human_rights_abuses.
- Civilian_casualties subject Category:International_criminal_law.
- Civilian_casualties subject Category:Laws_of_war.
- Civilian_casualties subject Category:War_casualties.
- Civilian_casualties type Casualty109899782.
- Civilian_casualties type CausalAgent100007347.
- Civilian_casualties type LivingThing100004258.
- Civilian_casualties type Object100002684.
- Civilian_casualties type Organism100004475.
- Civilian_casualties type Person100007846.
- Civilian_casualties type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Civilian_casualties type Unfortunate109630641.
- Civilian_casualties type Victim110752093.
- Civilian_casualties type WarCasualties.
- Civilian_casualties type Whole100003553.
- Civilian_casualties type YagoLegalActor.
- Civilian_casualties type YagoLegalActorGeo.
- Civilian_casualties comment "Civilian casualties is a military term describing civilians killed, injured, or imprisoned by military action. Civilian casualties can be associated with the outcome of any form of military action regardless of whether civilians were targeted directly or not.".
- Civilian_casualties label "Burgerslachtoffer".
- Civilian_casualties label "Civilian casualties".
- Civilian_casualties sameAs Burgerslachtoffer.
- Civilian_casualties sameAs m.0q9s3.
- Civilian_casualties sameAs Q2044143.
- Civilian_casualties sameAs Q2044143.
- Civilian_casualties sameAs Civilian_casualties.
- Civilian_casualties wasDerivedFrom Civilian_casualties?oldid=601546940.
- Civilian_casualties isPrimaryTopicOf Civilian_casualties.