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- Cologne_War abstract "The Cologne War (1583–88) devastated the Electorate of Cologne, a historical ecclesiastical principality of the Holy Roman Empire, within present-day North-Rhine-Westphalia, in Germany. The war occurred within the context of the Protestant Reformation in Germany and the subsequent Counter-Reformation, and concurrently with the Dutch Revolt and the French Wars of Religion.Also called the Seneschal's War or the Seneschal Upheaval and occasionally the Sewer War, the conflict tested the principle of ecclesiastical reservation, which had been included in the religious Peace of Augsburg (1555). This principle excluded, or "reserved", the ecclesiastical territories of the Holy Roman Empire from the application of cuius regio, eius religio, or "whose rule, his religion", as the primary means of determining the religion of a territory. It stipulated instead that if an ecclesiastical prince converted to Protestantism, he would resign from his position rather than force the conversion of his subjects.In December 1582, Gebhard, Truchsess von Waldburg, the Prince-elector of Cologne, converted to Protestantism. The principle of ecclesiastical reservation required his resignation. Instead, he declared religious parity for his subjects and, in 1583, married Agnes von Mansfeld-Eisleben, intending to convert the ecclesiastical principality into a secular, dynastic duchy. A faction in the Cathedral Chapter elected another archbishop, Ernst of Bavaria.Initially, troops of the competing archbishops of Cologne fought over control of sections of the territory. Several of the barons and counts holding territory with feudal obligations to the Elector also held territory in nearby Dutch provinces; Westphalia, Liege and the Southern, or Spanish Netherlands. Complexities of enfeoffment and dynastic appanage magnified a localized feud into one including supporters from the Electorate of the Palatinate and Dutch, Scots and English mercenaries on the Protestant side, and Bavarian and papal mercenaries on the Catholic side. In 1586, the conflict expanded further, with the direct involvement of Spanish troops and Italian mercenaries on the Catholic side, and financial and diplomatic support from Henry III of France and Elizabeth I of England on the Protestant side.The conflict coincided with the Dutch Revolt, 1568–1648, encouraging the participation of the rebellious Dutch provinces and the Spanish. The Cologne War caused the consolidation of Wittelsbach authority in northwestern German territories and in a Catholic revival on the lower Rhine. Importantly, it also set a precedent for outside intervention in German religious and dynastic conflicts.".
- Cologne_War causalties "unknown".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|alt=Black cross on a white background Ernst of Bavaria Prince-Elector, Cologne, 1583–1612".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|alt=Black cross on white background|Coat of Arms of the Prince Elector of Cologne Gebhard, Truchsess von Waldburg, Prince-Elector, Cologne 1578–1588".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= Free Imperial City of Cologne".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Farnese".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Isenburg-Grenzau".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Mansfeld (main line)".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Nassau".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Neuenahr-Alpen".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Palatinate-Zweibrücken".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Solms-Braunfels and others".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Waldburg".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= House of Wittelsbach".
- Cologne_War combatant "20px|link=|alt= Philip of Spain, and for him:".
- Cologne_War combatant "House of Berlaymont-Flyon".
- Cologne_War combatant "and others".
- Cologne_War commander Adolf_van_Nieuwenaar.
- Cologne_War commander Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma.
- Cologne_War commander Claude_de_Berlaymont.
- Cologne_War commander Ferdinand_of_Bavaria_(soldier).
- Cologne_War commander Francisco_Verdugo.
- Cologne_War commander Frederick,_Duke_of_Saxe-Lauenburg.
- Cologne_War commander Hermann_Friedrich_Cloedt.
- Cologne_War commander John_Casimir_of_the_Palatinate-Simmern.
- Cologne_War commander Karl,_Truchsess_von_Waldburg.
- Cologne_War commander Karl_von_Mansfeld.
- Cologne_War commander Maarten_Schenck_van_Nydeggen.
- Cologne_War commander Salentin_IX_of_Isenburg-Grenzau.
- Cologne_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Counter-Reformation.
- Cologne_War isPartOfMilitaryConflict Protestant_Reformation.
- Cologne_War place Electorate_of_Cologne.
- Cologne_War result "Roman Catholic victory".
- Cologne_War strength "variable: 10,000–28,000 until 1586".
- Cologne_War strength "variable: 10,000–28,000 until 1586, plus 18,000–28,000 troops of the Army of Flanders (Spanish) after 1586.".
- Cologne_War thumbnail Inname_van_Godesberg_-_Capture_and_destruction_of_Godesburg_in_1583_(Frans_Hogenberg).jpg?width=300.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink de.wikisource.org.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink index.php?title=ADB:Gebhard_(Kurf%C3%BCrst_und_Erzbischof_von_K%C3%B6ln)&oldid=637669.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink index.php?title=ADB:Mansfeld,_Grafen_von&oldid=888212.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink index.php?title=ADB:Neuenahr,_Adolf_Graf_von&oldid=882960.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink index.php?title=ADB:Salentin&oldid=642667.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink index.php?title=ADB:Schenk_von_Nideggen,_Martin&oldid=477283.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink report.aspx?compid=79002.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink source.aspx?pubid=826.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink source.aspx?pubid=829.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink waldburg.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink 03245b.htm.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink 04116a.htm.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink 15601b.htm.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink 15623a.htm.
- Cologne_War wikiPageExternalLink www.waldburger.com.
- Cologne_War wikiPageID "23309899".
- Cologne_War wikiPageRevisionID "598575185".
- Cologne_War caption "Contemporary engraving by Frans Hogenberg.".
- Cologne_War caption "Destruction of Godesburg fortress during the Cologne War 1583; the walls were breached by mines, and most of the defenders were put to death.".
- Cologne_War casualties "unknown".
- Cologne_War combatant "20".
- Cologne_War combatant "House of Berlaymont-Flyon".
- Cologne_War combatant "and others".
- Cologne_War commander Adolf_van_Nieuwenaar.
- Cologne_War commander Alexander_Farnese,_Duke_of_Parma.
- Cologne_War commander Ferdinand_of_Bavaria_(soldier).
- Cologne_War commander Francisco_Verdugo.
- Cologne_War commander Frederick,_Duke_of_Saxe-Lauenburg.
- Cologne_War commander John_Casimir_of_the_Palatinate-Simmern.
- Cologne_War commander Karl,_Truchsess_von_Waldburg.
- Cologne_War commander Karl_von_Mansfeld.
- Cologne_War commander Salentin_IX_of_Isenburg-Grenzau.
- Cologne_War commander "Claude de Berlaymont".
- Cologne_War commander "Friedrich Cloedt".
- Cologne_War commander "Martin Schenk von Nydedeck".
- Cologne_War conflict "Cologne War".
- Cologne_War date "1555".
- Cologne_War date "1583".
- Cologne_War eventName "Peace of Augsburg".
- Cologne_War hasPhotoCollection Cologne_War.
- Cologne_War imageAlt "Men gather in a large room, seated on benches around an open center space. Two men read a document to another man seated on a throne.".
- Cologne_War imageCaption "Negotiating the Peace of Augsburg".
- Cologne_War imageName "Peace-of-augsburg 1555.jpg".
- Cologne_War latDeg "50".
- Cologne_War latMin "44".
- Cologne_War latSec "2.37".
- Cologne_War location Augsburg.
- Cologne_War lonDeg "7".
- Cologne_War lonMin "5".
- Cologne_War lonSec "59.33".
- Cologne_War mapCaption "Electorate of Cologne".
- Cologne_War participants "Ferdinand, King of the Romans acting for Charles V. Delegates from the Imperial Estates".
- Cologne_War partof "the Protestant Reformation and the Counter Reformation".
- Cologne_War place Electorate_of_Cologne.
- Cologne_War result "Roman Catholic victory".
- Cologne_War result "The Declaratio Ferdinandei granted certain exemptions to the principle of cuius regio, eius religio to some knights, sovereign families, and imperial cities.".
- Cologne_War result "The principle of cuius regio, eius religio established religious conformity within a single state. Two confessions of faith were acceptable: Catholicism or the Augsburg Confession . Any other expression of faith was heretical.".
- Cologne_War result "The principle of reservatum ecclesiasticum protected religious conformity within the ecclesiastical estates, but it did not clearly state how this was to be protected.".
- Cologne_War strength "variable: 10,000–28,000 until 1586".
- Cologne_War strength "variable: 10,000–28,000 until 1586, plus 18,000–28,000 troops of the Army of Flanders after 1586.".
- Cologne_War subject Category:1580s_conflicts.
- Cologne_War subject Category:1580s_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire.
- Cologne_War subject Category:1583_in_Europe.
- Cologne_War subject Category:1583_in_the_Holy_Roman_Empire.