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• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 abstract "The Constitution of May 3, 1791 (Polish: Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja; Belarusian: Канстытуцыя трэцяга мая; Lithuanian: Gegužės trečiosios Konstitucija) was adopted by the Great Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a dualistic state comprising Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. Drafted over 32 months since October 6, 1788 and adopted as a "Government Act" (Ustawa rządowa), the document was designed to redress political defects of the Commonwealth; the system of "Golden Liberty" had conferred disproportionate rights on the nobility (szlachta), and over time had corrupted politics. The adoption of the Constitution was preceded by a period of agitation for—and gradual introduction of—reforms beginning with the Convocation Sejm of 1764 and the election of Stanisław August Poniatowski as the Commonwealth's last king.The constitution sought to supplant the prevailing anarchy fostered by some of the country's magnates with a more democratic constitutional monarchy. It introduced elements of political equality between townspeople and nobility, and placed the peasants under the protection of the government, thus mitigating the worst abuses of serfdom. It banned pernicious parliamentary institutions such as the liberum veto, which had put the Sejm at the mercy of any deputy who could revoke all the legislation that had been passed by that Sejm. The constitution's adoption met with hostile political and military responses from the Commonwealth's neighbors. In the War in Defense of the Constitution, the Frederick William II's Prussia broke its alliance with the Commonwealth, which was defeated by Catherine the Great's Imperial Russia that was allied with the Targowica Confederation of anti-reform Polish magnates and landless nobility. The King, a principal co-author, eventually capitulated to the Confederates.The 1791 document remained in force for less than 19 months; it was annulled by the Grodno Sejm on November 23, 1793. By 1795, the Second and the Third Partitions of Poland ended the existence of the sovereign Polish state. Over the next 123 years, the Constitution of May 3, 1791 was seen as proof of successful internal reform and as a symbol promising the eventual restoration of Poland's sovereignty. In the words of two of its co-authors, Ignacy Potocki and Hugo Kołłątaj, it was "the last will and testament of the expiring Country." British historian Norman Davies described the document as "the first constitution of its type in Europe"; other historians call it the world's second-oldest codified national constitution after the 1789 U.S. Constitution.".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 thumbnail Konstytucja_3_Maja.jpg?width=300.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 wikiPageExternalLink index1.html.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 wikiPageExternalLink 7.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 wikiPageID "463477".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 wikiPageRevisionID "606512535".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 caption Hugo_Kołłątaj.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 caption Ignacy_Potocki.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 caption Scipione_Piattoli.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 caption Stanisław_Małachowski.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 caption Stanisław_Staszic.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 dateCreated "--10-06".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 dateRatified "1791-05-03".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 direction "vertical".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 documentName "--05-03".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 hasPhotoCollection Constitution_of_May_3,_1791.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 image "Hugon Kołłątaj.PNG".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 image "Ignacy Potocki 2.JPG".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 image "Scipione Piattoli.PNG".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 image "Stanislaw malachowski.jpg".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 image "Stanisław Staszic.PNG".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 imageCaption "--05-03".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 imageWidth "300".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 width "100".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 writer "* King Stanisław August Poniatowski * Stanisław Małachowski * Hugo Kołłątaj * Ignacy Potocki * Stanisław Staszic * Scipione Piattoli * others".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:1791_in_Lithuania.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:1791_in_Poland.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:1791_in_law.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Age_of_Enlightenment.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Constitutions_of_Poland.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Constitutions_of_former_countries.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Defunct_constitutions.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Great_Sejm.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:History_of_Belarus_(1569–1795).
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:History_of_Lithuania_(1569–1795).
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:History_of_Poland_(1569–1795).
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Legal_history_of_Belarus.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Legal_history_of_Lithuania.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Legal_history_of_Poland.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 subject Category:Polish–Lithuanian_union.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 comment "The Constitution of May 3, 1791 (Polish: Konstytucja Trzeciego Maja; Belarusian: Канстытуцыя трэцяга мая; Lithuanian: Gegužės trečiosios Konstitucija) was adopted by the Great Sejm (parliament) of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, a dualistic state comprising Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch.".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "5月3日憲法".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Constitución del 3 de mayo".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Constituição Polonesa de 3 de maio de 1791".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Constitution of May 3, 1791".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Constitution polonaise du 3 mai 1791".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Costituzione polacca di maggio".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Konstytucja 3 maja".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Poolse Grondwet van 3 mei 1791".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Verfassung vom 3. Mai 1791".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "Конституция 3 мая 1791 года".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 label "五三宪法".
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Ústava_z_3._května_1791.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Verfassung_vom_3._Mai_1791.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Constitución_del_3_de_mayo.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Constitution_polonaise_du_3_mai_1791.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Costituzione_polacca_di_maggio.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs 5月3日憲法.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Poolse_Grondwet_van_3_mei_1791.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Konstytucja_3_maja.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Constituição_Polonesa_de_3_de_maio_de_1791.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs m.02clc8.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Q1129096.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 sameAs Q1129096.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 wasDerivedFrom Constitution_of_May_3,_1791?oldid=606512535.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 depiction Konstytucja_3_Maja.jpg.
• Constitution_of_May_3,_1791 isPrimaryTopicOf Constitution_of_May_3,_1791.