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- Countershading abstract "Countershading, or Thayer's Law, is a form of camouflage. Countershading is the pattern of animal coloration in which an animal’s pigmentation is darker on the upper side and lighter on the underside of the body. This pattern is found in many species of mammals, reptiles, birds, and fish, and has existed since at least the Cretaceous period.When light falls on a uniformly coloured object such as a sphere from above, it makes the upper side appear lighter and the underside darker, grading from one to the other. This pattern of light and shade makes the object appear solid, and therefore acts as a visual cue which makes the object easier to detect. Countershading reduces the ease of detection of predators and prey by counterbalancing the effects of self-shadowing, again typically with grading from dark to light. In theory this could be useful for military camouflage, but in practice it has rarely been applied, despite the best efforts of zoologists such as Hugh Cott.A related mechanism, counter-illumination, adds the creation of light by bioluminescence or lamps to match the actual brightness of a background. Counter-illumination camouflage is common in marine organisms such as squid. It has been studied up to the prototype stage for military use in ships and aircraft, but it too has rarely or never been used in warfare.The reverse of countershading, with the belly pigmented darker than the back, enhances contrast and so makes animals more conspicuous. It is found in animals that can defend themselves, such as skunks. The pattern is used both in startle or deimatic displays and as a signal to warn off experienced predators. However, animals that habitually live upside-down but lack strong defences, like the Nile catfish and the luna moth caterpillar, have upside-down countershading for camouflage.".
- Countershading thumbnail Abbott_thayer_countershading.jpg?width=300.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink COUNTERSHADINGCLASS10.pdf.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink books?id=i9ITMiiohVQC&pg=PA1173.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink c23.pdf.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink patents?id=0aOUAAAAEBAJ&pg=PA2.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink 668011.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink 40485817.pdf.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink camouflage.html.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink Jones_Nishiguchi_2004_Biol.pdf.
- Countershading wikiPageExternalLink mammals5.htm.
- Countershading wikiPageID "5729336".
- Countershading wikiPageRevisionID "606514631".
- Countershading align "left".
- Countershading alt "Squirrel oriented horizontally".
- Countershading alt "Squirrel oriented vertically".
- Countershading caption "When oriented horizontally, the countershading of the gray squirrel, Sciurus carolinensis, helps to "paint out" its ventral shadow.".
- Countershading caption "When oriented vertically, the gray squirrel's pale belly is conspicuous rather than camouflaged.".
- Countershading direction "horizontal".
- Countershading hasPhotoCollection Countershading.
- Countershading image "Eastern Gray Squirrel 800.jpg".
- Countershading image "Sciurus carolinensis-gotigersjf .jpg".
- Countershading width "125".
- Countershading subject Category:Antipredator_adaptations.
- Countershading subject Category:Camouflage.
- Countershading subject Category:Deception.
- Countershading type Abstraction100002137.
- Countershading type Adaptation106408779.
- Countershading type AntipredatorAdaptations.
- Countershading type Communication100033020.
- Countershading type Writing106362953.
- Countershading type WrittenCommunication106349220.
- Countershading comment "Countershading, or Thayer's Law, is a form of camouflage. Countershading is the pattern of animal coloration in which an animal’s pigmentation is darker on the upper side and lighter on the underside of the body.".
- Countershading label "Contre-illumination".
- Countershading label "Countershading".
- Countershading label "Konterschattierung".
- Countershading sameAs Konterschattierung.
- Countershading sameAs Contre-illumination.
- Countershading sameAs m.0f1m2x.
- Countershading sameAs Q196139.
- Countershading sameAs Q196139.
- Countershading sameAs Countershading.
- Countershading wasDerivedFrom Countershading?oldid=606514631.
- Countershading depiction Abbott_thayer_countershading.jpg.
- Countershading isPrimaryTopicOf Countershading.