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• Cytochrome_c_family abstract "Cytochromes c (cytC) are electron-transfer proteins having one or several heme c groups, bound to the protein by one or, more generally, two thioether bonds involving sulphydryl groups of cysteine residues. The fifth haem iron ligand is always provided by a histidine residue. Cytochromes c possess a wide range of properties and function in a large number of different redox processes. The founding member of this family is mitochondrial cytochrome c.Ambler recognized four classes of cytC. Class I includes the low-spin soluble cytC of mitochondria and bacteria, with the haem-attachment site towards the N-terminus, and the sixth ligand provided by a methionine residue about 40 residues further on towards the C-terminus. On the basis of sequence similarity, class I cytC were further subdivided into five classes, IA to IE. Class IB includes the eukaryotic mitochondrial cytC and prokaryotic 'short' cyt c2 exemplified by Rhodopila globiformis cyt c2; class IA includes 'long' cyt c2, such as Rhodospirillum rubrum cyt c2 and Aquaspirillum itersonii cytc-550, which have several extra loops by comparison with class IB cytC.Class II includes the high-spin cytC' and a number of low-spin cytochromes, e.g. cyt c-556. The haem-attachment site is close to the C terminus. The cytC' are capable of binding such ligands as CO, NO or CN(-), albeit with rate and equilibrium constants 100 to 1,000,000-fold smaller than other high-spin haemoproteins. This, coupled with its relatively low redox potential, makes it unlikely that cytC' is a terminal oxidase. Thus cytC' probably functions as an electron transfer protein. The 3D structures of a number of cytC' have been determined. The molecule usually exists as a dimer, each monomer folding as a four-alpha-helix bundle incorporating a covalently-bound haem group at the core. The Chromatium vinosum cytC' exhibits dimer dissociation upon ligand binding.Class III comprises the low redox potential multiple haem cytochromes: cyt C7 (trihaem), C3 (tetrahaem), and high-molecular-weight cytC, HMC (hexadecahaem), with only 30-40 residues per haem group. The haem c groups, all bis-histidinyl coordinated, are structurally and functionally nonequivalent and present different redox potentials in the range 0 to -400 mV. The 3D structures of a number of cyt C3 proteins have been determined. The proteins consist of 4-5 alpha-helices and 2 beta-strands wrapped around a compact core of four non-parallel haems, which present a relatively high degree of exposure to the solvent. The overall protein architecture, haem plane orientations and iron-iron distances are highly conserved.Class IV includes complex proteins containing other prosthetic groups besides haem c, such as flavocytochromes c and cytochromes cd.↑ ↑ ↑ 3.0 3.1 ↑ ↑ 5.0 5.1 ↑ ↑ 7.0 7.1".
• Cytochrome_c_family symbol "Cytochrom_C".
• Cytochrome_c_family symbol "Cytochrom_CIII".
• Cytochrome_c_family symbol "Cytochrom_C_2".
• Cytochrome_c_family thumbnail PDB_1cry_EBI.jpg?width=300.
• Cytochrome_c_family wikiPageID "14625611".
• Cytochrome_c_family wikiPageRevisionID "593935786".
• Cytochrome_c_family caption "Structure of cytochrome c2 from Rhodopseudomonas viridis.".
• Cytochrome_c_family caption "atomic structure of a cytochrome c' with an unusual ligand-controlled dimer dissociation at 1.8 angstroms resolution".
• Cytochrome_c_family caption "sulfate respiration in desulfovibrio vulgaris hildenborough: structure of the 16-heme cytochrome c hmca at 2.5 a resolution and a view of its role in transmembrane electron transfer".
• Cytochrome_c_family hasPhotoCollection Cytochrome_c_family.
• Cytochrome_c_family interpro "IPR002321".
• Cytochrome_c_family interpro "IPR003088".
• Cytochrome_c_family interpro "IPR020942".
• Cytochrome_c_family name "Class III cytochrome C family".
• Cytochrome_c_family name "Cytochrome C'".
• Cytochrome_c_family name "Cytochrome c".
• Cytochrome_c_family opmFamily "78".
• Cytochrome_c_family opmProtein "1".
• Cytochrome_c_family pdb "D:80-176 D:80-176 A:80-176 A:80-176 A:80-176 :12-111 A:4-103 B:4-103 :4-103 A:4-103 A:4-103 :4-103 A:4-103 A:4-103 B:4-103 A:4-103 :4-103 A:4-103 B:4-103 :4-103 F:4-103 :4-103 :4-103 A:4-103 A:3-102 A:3-102 B:3-102 O:3-102 R:3-102 A:4-103 :13-112 :13-107 :13-112 B:9-108 D:9-108 D:9-108 :9-108 :9-108 B:9-108 D:9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 A:9-108 W:9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 B:9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 B:9-108 A:9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 :9-108 D:103-130 A:103-130 A:23-121 :23-121 A:23-121 A:5-119 A:28-139 A:28-139 C:28-139 A:28-139 B:4-100 A:8-106 A:24-136 :24-136 X:25-139 X:25-139 X:25-139 :25-139 :25-137 A:223-316 A:79-157 C:68-146 A:83-160 B:83-160 B:83-160 B:83-160 B:83-160 B:83-160 A:83-160 B:83-160 A:83-160 B:83-160 B:83-160 B:83-160 B:83-160 B:61-138 B:61-138 A:61-138 A:61-138 A:61-138 A:61-138 A:61-138 B:61-138 A:61-138 A:20-108 A:1-91 A:1-91 C:1-91 A:1-91 A:24-109 A:24-109 B:24-109 E:4-83 :25-103 B:25-103 :25-103 D:26-102 A:22-99 A:22-99 A:31-109 :3-81 A:28-106 A:27-112 F:3-85 A:3-85 A:4-84 A:4-84 :4-84 B:4-84 :4-84 :4-84 :61-141 :61-141 A:6-86 A:51-148 B:24-121 J:24-121 A:23-104 :23-104 :23-104 :23-104 A:23-104 :23-104 :23-104 N:23-103 N:23-103 A:19-98 :19-98 A:22-92 A:22-92 A:22-92 A:22-92 A:22-92".
• Cytochrome_c_family pfam "PF00034".
• Cytochrome_c_family pfam "PF01322".
• Cytochrome_c_family pfam "PF02085".
• Cytochrome_c_family pfamClan "CL0317".
• Cytochrome_c_family prosite "PDOC00169".
• Cytochrome_c_family scop "1".
• Cytochrome_c_family scop "2".
• Cytochrome_c_family symbol "Cytochrom_C".
• Cytochrome_c_family symbol "Cytochrom_CIII".
• Cytochrome_c_family symbol "Cytochrom_C_2".
• Cytochrome_c_family subject Category:Peripheral_membrane_proteins.
• Cytochrome_c_family subject Category:Protein_domains.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Abstraction100002137.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Attribute100024264.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Chemical114806838.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Compound114818238.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Environment113934596.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Macromolecule114944888.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Material114580897.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Matter100020827.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Molecule114682133.
• Cytochrome_c_family type OrganicCompound114727670.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Part113809207.
• Cytochrome_c_family type PeripheralMembraneProteins.
• Cytochrome_c_family type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Protein114728724.
• Cytochrome_c_family type ProteinDomains.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Relation100031921.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Situation113927383.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Sphere114514039.
• Cytochrome_c_family type State100024720.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Substance100019613.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Thing100002452.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Unit109465459.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Biomolecule.
• Cytochrome_c_family type Protein.
• Cytochrome_c_family type BiologicalObject.
• Cytochrome_c_family comment "Cytochromes c (cytC) are electron-transfer proteins having one or several heme c groups, bound to the protein by one or, more generally, two thioether bonds involving sulphydryl groups of cysteine residues. The fifth haem iron ligand is always provided by a histidine residue. Cytochromes c possess a wide range of properties and function in a large number of different redox processes. The founding member of this family is mitochondrial cytochrome c.Ambler recognized four classes of cytC.".
• Cytochrome_c_family label "Cytochrome c family".
• Cytochrome_c_family sameAs m.03gr2fb.
• Cytochrome_c_family sameAs Q5201348.
• Cytochrome_c_family sameAs Q5201348.
• Cytochrome_c_family sameAs Cytochrome_c_family.
• Cytochrome_c_family wasDerivedFrom Cytochrome_c_family?oldid=593935786.
• Cytochrome_c_family depiction PDB_1cry_EBI.jpg.
• Cytochrome_c_family isPrimaryTopicOf Cytochrome_c_family.