Matches in DBpedia 2014 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Deep_eutectic_solvent> ?p ?o. }
Showing items 1 to 26 of
26
with 100 items per page.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent abstract "A deep eutectic solvent or DES is a type of ionic solvent with special properties composed of a mixture which forms a eutectic with a melting point much lower than either of the individual components. The first generation eutectic solvents were based on mixtures of quaternary ammonium salts with Hydrogen bond donors such as amines and carboxylic acids. The deep eutectic phenomenon was first described in 2003 for a mixture of choline chloride (2-hydroxyethyl-trimethylammonium chloride) and urea in a 1:2 mole ratio, respectively. Choline chloride has a melting point of 302 °C and that of urea is 133 °C. The eutectic mixture can remain in the liquid state to temperatures as low as 12 °C. There are four types of eutectic solvents:Type I Eutectics therefore also include the wide range of chlorometallate ionic liquids widely studied in the 1980's, such as the ever-popular imidazolium chloroaluminates which are based on mixtures of AlCl3 + 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride.DESs have been studied for their applicability in industry at lab level, such as for production and purification of biodiesel, and the DES described above was found to be able to dissolve many metal salts like lithium chloride (solubility 2.5 mol/L) and copper(II) oxide (solubility 0.12 mol/L). In this capacity these solvents are used for metal cleaning prior to electroplating. Because the solvent is conductive it also has a potential application in electropolishing. Organic compounds such as benzoic acid (solubility 0.82 mol/L) also have great solubility and this even includes cellulose. Compared to ordinary solvents, eutectic solvents also have a very low VOC and are non-flammable. Other deep eutectic solvents of choline chloride are formed with malonic acid at 0 °C, phenol at -40 °C and glycerol at -35 °C.Compared to modern ionic liquids based on discrete anions, such as bistriflimide, which share many characteristics but are ionic compounds and not ionic mixtures, deep eutectic solvents are cheaper to make, much less toxic and sometimes biodegradable.Hayyan et al. (2013) first questioned whether DESs are benign or toxic. They used two gram-positive and two gram-negative bacteria to examine the toxicity of ChCl-G, ChCl-EG, ChCl-triethylene glycol, and ChCl-U. In their study, the DESs tested had no toxic effect on any of the bacteria studied, but the cytotoxicity of the tested DESs was much higher than that of their individual components, indicating that their toxicological behavior is different. They suggested that the toxicity and cytotoxicity of DESs varied according to the structure of the components and highlighted the need for careful use of the terms non-toxicity and biodegradability of DESs.".
- Deep_eutectic_solvent wikiPageID "2777190".
- Deep_eutectic_solvent wikiPageRevisionID "591514858".
- Deep_eutectic_solvent hasPhotoCollection Deep_eutectic_solvent.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent subject Category:Solvents.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Abstraction100002137.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type ChemicalMixtures.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Matter100020827.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Medium114899152.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Mixture114586258.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Part113809207.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type PhysicalEntity100001930.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Relation100031921.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Solvent115047313.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Solvents.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent type Substance100019613.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent comment "A deep eutectic solvent or DES is a type of ionic solvent with special properties composed of a mixture which forms a eutectic with a melting point much lower than either of the individual components. The first generation eutectic solvents were based on mixtures of quaternary ammonium salts with Hydrogen bond donors such as amines and carboxylic acids.".
- Deep_eutectic_solvent label "Deep eutectic solvent".
- Deep_eutectic_solvent label "Stark eutektisches Lösungsmittel".
- Deep_eutectic_solvent sameAs Stark_eutektisches_Lösungsmittel.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent sameAs m.0822kd.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent sameAs Q168033.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent sameAs Q168033.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent sameAs Deep_eutectic_solvent.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent wasDerivedFrom Deep_eutectic_solvent?oldid=591514858.
- Deep_eutectic_solvent isPrimaryTopicOf Deep_eutectic_solvent.