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• Depleted_uranium abstract "Depleted uranium (DU; also referred to in the past as Q-metal, depletalloy or D-38) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium. (Natural uranium is about 0.72% U-235—the fissile isotope, and the DU used by the U.S. Department of Defense contain less than 0.3% U-235). Uses of DU take advantage of its very high density of 19.1 g/cm3 (68.4% denser than lead). Civilian uses include counterweights in aircraft, radiation shielding in medical radiation therapy and industrial radiography equipment and containers used to transport radioactive materials. Military uses include defensive armor plating and armor-piercing projectiles.Most depleted uranium arises as a byproduct of the production of enriched uranium for use in nuclear reactors and in the manufacture of nuclear weapons. Enrichment processes generate uranium with a higher-than-natural concentration of lower-mass uranium isotopes (in particular U-235, which is the uranium isotope supporting the fission chain reaction) with the bulk of the feed ending up as depleted uranium, in some cases with mass fractions of U-235 and U-234 less than a third of those in natural uranium. U-238 has a much longer halflife than the lighter isotopes, and DU therefore emits less alpha radiation than the same mass of natural uranium: the US Defense Department states DU used in US munitions has 60% of the radioactivity of natural uranium.Since the U-235 content of nuclear reactor fuel is reduced by fission, uranium recovered by nuclear reprocessing from spent nuclear reactor fuel made from natural uranium will have a lower-than-natural U-235 concentration. Such 'reactor-depleted' material will have different isotopic ratios from enrichment byproduct DU, and can be distinguished from it by the presence of U-236. Trace transuranics (another indicator of the use of reprocessed material) have been reported to be present in some US tank armor.The use of DU in munitions is controversial because of questions about potential long-term health effects. Normal functioning of the kidney, brain, liver, heart, and numerous other systems can be affected by uranium exposure, because uranium is a toxic metal. It is only weakly radioactive because of its long radioactive half-life (4.468 billion years for uranium-238, 700 million years for uranium-235). The biological half-life (the average time it takes for the human body to eliminate half the amount in the body) for uranium is about 15 days. The aerosol or spallation frangible powder produced during impact and combustion of depleted uranium munitions can potentially contaminate wide areas around the impact sites, leading to possible inhalation by human beings.The actual level of acute and chronic toxicity of DU is also a point of medical controversy. Several studies using cultured cells and laboratory rodents suggest the possibility of leukemogenic, and of genetic, reproductive, and neurological effects from chronic exposure.A 2005 epidemiology review concluded: "In aggregate the human epidemiological evidence is consistent with increased risk of birth defects in offspring of persons exposed to DU." The World Health Organization, the directing and coordinating authority for health within the United Nations, states that no risk of reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects have been reported in humans due to DU exposure. This report has been criticized for not including possible long term effects of DU on the human body.".
• Depleted_uranium thumbnail 30mm_DU_slug.jpg?width=300.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink scher_o_123.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink 10.1007%2Fs00128-012-0817-2.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink BiH_DU_report.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink Iraq_DU.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink health-uranium-munitions-i.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink health-uranium-munitions-ii.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink Pub1164_web.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink uranium.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink 202.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink 203.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink Depleted-Uranium.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink www.hps.org.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink du_qaa.shtml.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink hazard-aware.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink IOM_TM0503.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink IOM_TM0508.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink part040-0004.html.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink part040-0025.html.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink MR1018.7.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink landing.asp?id=1243.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink snl-dusand.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink 13623699.2013.765173.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink E.CN.4.Sub.2.2002.38.En?Opendocument.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink livengood.pdf.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageExternalLink eddat.html.
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageID "37514".
• Depleted_uranium wikiPageRevisionID "606032525".
• Depleted_uranium hasPhotoCollection Depleted_uranium.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Aftermath_of_war.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Ammunition.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Depleted_uranium.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Element_toxicology.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Environmental_controversies.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Environmental_issues_with_war.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Gulf_War_syndrome.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Male-mediated_teratogens.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Medical_controversies.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Metals.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Nuclear_materials.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Suspected_teratogens.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Uranium.
• Depleted_uranium subject Category:Vehicle_armour.
• Depleted_uranium type Abstraction100002137.
• Depleted_uranium type Act100030358.
• Depleted_uranium type ChemicalElement114622893.
• Depleted_uranium type Cognition100023271.
• Depleted_uranium type Content105809192.
• Depleted_uranium type Controversy107183151.
• Depleted_uranium type Disagreement107180787.
• Depleted_uranium type Dispute107181935.
• Depleted_uranium type EnvironmentalControversies.
• Depleted_uranium type EnvironmentalIssuesWithWar.
• Depleted_uranium type Event100029378.
• Depleted_uranium type Issue105814650.
• Depleted_uranium type Material114580897.
• Depleted_uranium type Matter100020827.
• Depleted_uranium type MedicalControversies.
• Depleted_uranium type MetallicElement114625458.
• Depleted_uranium type Metals.
• Depleted_uranium type NuclearMaterials.
• Depleted_uranium type Part113809207.
• Depleted_uranium type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Depleted_uranium type PsychologicalFeature100023100.
• Depleted_uranium type Relation100031921.
• Depleted_uranium type SpeechAct107160883.
• Depleted_uranium type Substance100019613.
• Depleted_uranium type YagoPermanentlyLocatedEntity.
• Depleted_uranium comment "Depleted uranium (DU; also referred to in the past as Q-metal, depletalloy or D-38) is uranium with a lower content of the fissile isotope U-235 than natural uranium. (Natural uranium is about 0.72% U-235—the fissile isotope, and the DU used by the U.S. Department of Defense contain less than 0.3% U-235). Uses of DU take advantage of its very high density of 19.1 g/cm3 (68.4% denser than lead).".
• Depleted_uranium label "Abreicherung".
• Depleted_uranium label "Depleted uranium".
• Depleted_uranium label "Uran zubożony".
• Depleted_uranium label "Uranio empobrecido".
• Depleted_uranium label "Uranio impoverito".
• Depleted_uranium label "Uranium appauvri".
• Depleted_uranium label "Urânio empobrecido".
• Depleted_uranium label "Verarmd uranium".
• Depleted_uranium label "Обеднённый уран".
• Depleted_uranium label "يورانيوم منضب".
• Depleted_uranium label "劣化ウラン".
• Depleted_uranium label "貧鈾".
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Ochuzený_uran.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Abreicherung.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Uranio_empobrecido.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Uranium_appauvri.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Uranium_terdeplesi.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Uranio_impoverito.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs 劣化ウラン.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs 감손_우라늄.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Verarmd_uranium.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Uran_zubożony.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Urânio_empobrecido.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs m.09c09.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Q9698.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Q9698.
• Depleted_uranium sameAs Depleted_uranium.
• Depleted_uranium wasDerivedFrom Depleted_uranium?oldid=606032525.
• Depleted_uranium depiction 30mm_DU_slug.jpg.
• Depleted_uranium isPrimaryTopicOf Depleted_uranium.