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• Dopamine abstract "Dopamine (or 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuroendocrine transmitter (i.e., a hormone and neurotransmitter) in the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays a number of important roles in the brain and bodies of humans. Its name derives from its chemical structure: it is an amine that is formed by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of L-DOPA.In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other nerve cells. The brain includes several distinct dopamine systems, one of which plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior. Most types of reward increase the level of dopamine in the brain, and a variety of addictive drugs increase dopamine neuronal activity. Other brain dopamine systems are involved in motor control and in controlling the release of several other important hormones.Several important diseases of the nervous system are associated with dysfunctions of the dopamine system. Parkinson's disease, a degenerative condition causing tremor and motor impairment, is caused by loss of dopamine-secreting neurons in the midbrain area called the substantia nigra. There is evidence that schizophrenia involves altered levels of dopamine activity, and the antipsychotic drugs that are frequently used to treat it have a primary effect of attenuating dopamine activity. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and restless legs syndrome (RLS) are also believed to be associated with decreased dopamine activity.Outside the nervous system, dopamine functions in several parts of the body as a local chemical messenger. In the blood vessels, it inhibits norepinephrine release and acts as a vasodilator; in the kidneys, it increases sodium excretion and urine output; in the pancreas, it reduces insulin production; in the digestive system, it reduces gastrointestinal motility and protects intestinal mucosa; and in the immune system, it reduces the activity of lymphocytes. With the exception of the blood vessels, dopamine in each of these peripheral systems has a "paracrine" function: it is synthesized locally and exerts its effects on cells that are located near the cells that release it.A variety of important drugs work by altering the way the body makes or uses dopamine. Dopamine itself is available for intravenous injection: although it cannot reach the brain from the bloodstream, its peripheral effects make it useful in the treatment of heart failure or shock, especially in newborn babies. L-DOPA, the metabolic precursor of dopamine, does reach the brain and is the most widely used treatment for Parkinson's disease. Dopaminergic stimulants can be addictive in high doses, but some are used at lower doses to treat ADHD. Conversely, many antipsychotic drugs act by suppressing the effects of dopamine. Drugs that act against dopamine by a different mechanism are also some of the most effective anti-nausea agents.".
• Dopamine atcPrefix "C01".
• Dopamine atcSuffix "CA04".
• Dopamine casNumber "51-61-6".
• Dopamine casSupplemental "(hydrochloride)".
• Dopamine chEBI "18243".
• Dopamine drugbank "DB00988".
• Dopamine fdaUniiCode "VTD58H1Z2X".
• Dopamine iupacName "4-(2-aminoethyl)benzene-1,2-diol".
• Dopamine pubchem "681".
• Dopamine thumbnail Dopamine2.svg?width=300.
• Dopamine wikiPageExternalLink dpdirect.jsp?name=Dopamine.
• Dopamine wikiPageExternalLink 3ff8e16a-4797-4a9a-95de-3117a8f3a87c.aspx.
• Dopamine wikiPageExternalLink Dopamine.pdf.
• Dopamine wikiPageID "48548".
• Dopamine wikiPageRevisionID "604910363".
• Dopamine align "center".
• Dopamine alt "Catechol structure".
• Dopamine alt "Dopamine structure".
• Dopamine alt "Phenethylamine structure".
• Dopamine atcPrefix "1.0".
• Dopamine atcSuffix "CA04".
• Dopamine boilingNotes "decomposes".
• Dopamine c "8".
• Dopamine caption "Catechol structure".
• Dopamine caption "Dopamine structure".
• Dopamine caption "Phenethylamine structure".
• Dopamine casNumber "51".
• Dopamine chebi "18243".
• Dopamine chembl "59".
• Dopamine chemspiderid "661".
• Dopamine density "1.26".
• Dopamine direction "horizontal".
• Dopamine drugName "Dopamine".
• Dopamine drugbank "DB00988".
• Dopamine excretion "Renal".
• Dopamine h "11".
• Dopamine hasPhotoCollection Dopamine.
• Dopamine image "Brenzcatechin.svg".
• Dopamine image "Dopamine-3d-CPK.png".
• Dopamine image "Dopamine2.svg".
• Dopamine image "Fenyloetyloamina.svg".
• Dopamine inchi "1".
• Dopamine inchikey "VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYAA".
• Dopamine iupacName "4".
• Dopamine iupharLigand "940".
• Dopamine kegg "D07870".
• Dopamine legalStatus "Rx-only".
• Dopamine licenceUs "Dopamine".
• Dopamine meltingPoint "128".
• Dopamine metabolism Aldehyde_dehydrogenase.
• Dopamine metabolism Catechol-O-methyl_transferase.
• Dopamine metabolism Monoamine_oxidase_A.
• Dopamine metabolism Monoamine_oxidase_B.
• Dopamine molecularWeight "153.18".
• Dopamine n "1".
• Dopamine o "2".
• Dopamine pubchem "681".
• Dopamine routesOfAdministration "Intravenous Injection".
• Dopamine smiles "c1ccO".
• Dopamine stdinchi "1".
• Dopamine stdinchikey "VYFYYTLLBUKUHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N".
• Dopamine synonyms "2".
• Dopamine synonyms "3".
• Dopamine synonyms "34".
• Dopamine unii "VTD58H1Z2X".
• Dopamine verifiedrevid "595793408".
• Dopamine watchedfields "changed".
• Dopamine width "117".
• Dopamine width "180".
• Dopamine width "200".
• Dopamine width "250".
• Dopamine width "256".
• Dopamine subject Category:Catecholamines.
• Dopamine subject Category:Hormones_of_the_hypothalamus.
• Dopamine subject Category:Inotropic_agents.
• Dopamine subject Category:Motivation.
• Dopamine subject Category:Neurotransmitters.
• Dopamine subject Category:TAAR1_agonists.
• Dopamine subject Category:World_Health_Organization_essential_medicines.
• Dopamine type Drug.
• Dopamine type ChemicalSubstanceType.
• Dopamine type FunctionalSubstance.
• Dopamine comment "Dopamine (or 3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine) is a neuroendocrine transmitter (i.e., a hormone and neurotransmitter) in the catecholamine and phenethylamine families that plays a number of important roles in the brain and bodies of humans. Its name derives from its chemical structure: it is an amine that is formed by removing a carboxyl group from a molecule of L-DOPA.In the brain, dopamine functions as a neurotransmitter—a chemical released by nerve cells to send signals to other nerve cells.".
• Dopamine label "Dopamin".
• Dopamine label "Dopamina".
• Dopamine label "Dopamina".
• Dopamine label "Dopamina".
• Dopamine label "Dopamina".
• Dopamine label "Dopamine".
• Dopamine label "Dopamine".
• Dopamine label "Dopamine".
• Dopamine label "Дофамин".
• Dopamine label "دوبامين".
• Dopamine label "ドーパミン".
• Dopamine label "多巴胺".
• Dopamine sameAs Dopamin.
• Dopamine sameAs Dopamin.
• Dopamine sameAs Ντοπαμίνη.
• Dopamine sameAs Dopamina.

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