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• Enigma_machine abstract "An Enigma machine was any of a family of related electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines used in the twentieth century for enciphering and deciphering secret messages. Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries—most notably by Nazi Germany before and during World War II. Several different Enigma models were produced, but the German military models are the most commonly discussed.German military texts enciphered on the Enigma machine were first broken by the Polish Cipher Bureau, beginning in December 1932. This success was a result of efforts by three Polish cryptologists, Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski, working for Polish military intelligence. Rejewski "reverse-engineered" the device, using theoretical mathematics and material supplied by French military intelligence. Subsequently the three mathematicians designed mechanical devices for breaking Enigma ciphers, including the cryptologic bomb. From 1938 onwards, additional complexity was repeatedly added to the Enigma machines, making decryption more difficult and necessitating larger numbers of equipment and personnel—more than the Poles could readily produce.On 25 July 1939, in Warsaw, the Poles initiated French and British military intelligence representatives into their Enigma-decryption techniques and equipment, including Zygalski sheets and the cryptologic bomb, and promised each delegation a Polish-reconstructed Enigma. The demonstration represented a vital basis for the later British continuation and effort. During the war, British cryptologists decrypted a vast number of messages enciphered on Enigma. The intelligence gleaned from this source, codenamed "Ultra" by the British, was a substantial aid to the Allied war effort.Though Enigma had some cryptographic weaknesses, in practice it was German procedural flaws, operator mistakes, laziness, failure to systematically introduce changes in encipherment procedures, and Allied capture of key tables and hardware that, during the war, enabled Allied cryptologists to succeed.The exact influence of Ultra on the course of the war is debated; an oft-repeated assessment is that decryption of German ciphers advanced the end of the European war by two years. Winston Churchill told the United Kingdom's King George VI after World War II: "It was thanks to Ultra that we won the war."".
• Enigma_machine thumbnail EnigmaMachineLabeled.jpg?width=300.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink rejewski.pdf.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink cryptocellar.org.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink enigmadiss.pdf.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink enigma-en.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink enigma.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink ecds.htm.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink www.bletchleypark.org.uk.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink getting-to-see-an-enigma-machine-at-rsa-2008-.html.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink enigvar1.zip.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink en.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink www.enigma.hoerenberg.com.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink text.html.
• Enigma_machine wikiPageExternalLink Enigma.html.
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• Enigma_machine wikiPageID "9256".
• Enigma_machine wikiPageRevisionID "605065158".
• Enigma_machine hasPhotoCollection Enigma_machine.
• Enigma_machine subject Category:Articles_with_inconsistent_citation_formats.
• Enigma_machine subject Category:Broken_stream_ciphers.
• Enigma_machine subject Category:Cryptographic_hardware.
• Enigma_machine subject Category:Cryptography.
• Enigma_machine subject Category:Rotor_machines.
• Enigma_machine subject Category:Signals_intelligence_of_World_War_II.
• Enigma_machine subject Category:World_War_II_military_equipment_of_Germany.
• Enigma_machine type Artifact100021939.
• Enigma_machine type Device103183080.
• Enigma_machine type Instrumentality103575240.
• Enigma_machine type Machine103699975.
• Enigma_machine type Object100002684.
• Enigma_machine type PhysicalEntity100001930.
• Enigma_machine type RotorMachines.
• Enigma_machine type Whole100003553.
• Enigma_machine comment "An Enigma machine was any of a family of related electro-mechanical rotor cipher machines used in the twentieth century for enciphering and deciphering secret messages. Enigma was invented by the German engineer Arthur Scherbius at the end of World War I. Early models were used commercially from the early 1920s, and adopted by military and government services of several countries—most notably by Nazi Germany before and during World War II.".
• Enigma_machine label "Enigma (Maschine)".
• Enigma_machine label "Enigma (codeermachine)".
• Enigma_machine label "Enigma (crittografia)".
• Enigma_machine label "Enigma (machine)".
• Enigma_machine label "Enigma (máquina)".
• Enigma_machine label "Enigma (máquina)".
• Enigma_machine label "Enigma machine".
• Enigma_machine label "Enigma".
• Enigma_machine label "Энигма".
• Enigma_machine label "آلة إنجما".
• Enigma_machine label "エニグマ (暗号機)".
• Enigma_machine label "恩尼格玛密码机".
• Enigma_machine sameAs Enigma.
• Enigma_machine sameAs Enigma_(Maschine).
• Enigma_machine sameAs Enigma_(συσκευή).
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• Enigma_machine sameAs Enigma_(kriptografia).
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• Enigma_machine sameAs Enigma_(crittografia).
• Enigma_machine sameAs エニグマ_(暗号機).
• Enigma_machine sameAs 에니그마.
• Enigma_machine sameAs Enigma_(codeermachine).
• Enigma_machine sameAs Enigma.
• Enigma_machine sameAs Enigma_(máquina).
• Enigma_machine sameAs m.02jgc.
• Enigma_machine sameAs Q150758.
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• Enigma_machine wasDerivedFrom Enigma_machine?oldid=605065158.
• Enigma_machine depiction EnigmaMachineLabeled.jpg.
• Enigma_machine isPrimaryTopicOf Enigma_machine.